Lecture 14-15 Grammatical Changes

Joining. As agreement and government decline, the role of joining naturally grows. In such phrases as old wrinkles a neat's tongue dried, a heart unfortifed, etc. the adjective (or particple) is connected with its head word by joining.
The same applies to the phrase to the phrase verb+substantive" and " verb+ pronoun"(except the pronouns mentioned above )
Closure. Closure plays a considerable part in MnE , Practically any word or phrase enclosed between, say, an article and a substantive becomes by this very fect an attribute to the substantive A few examples from Shakespeare will show this: the a/ways - wind -obeying deep; the ne'er -yet-beaten horse of Parthia: a ten-times - barredup chest; a wor/d-without-end bargain.
Closure is also possible for an adverbial modifier, which comes inside the predicate, if the latter is expressed either by an analytical verb from or by the phrase "link verb+substantive or adjective ". Closure is typical of adverbial modifiers characterizing the duration or frequency of an action, as in: I shou/d be sti// p/ucking the grass to know where sits the wind; you have often begun to te// me what I am ; the merit of service is se/dom attributed to the true and exact performer.
Here is quite an exceptional case of closure: between the components of an analytical verb from (the predicate) we find the subject and four adverbial modifiers: Therefore our sometime sister, now our queen, the imperia/ jointress of this war-/ike state have we as 'twere with a defeated joy , with one auspicious and one dropping eye, with mirth in funera/ and with dirge in marriage, in equa/ sca/e weighing de/ight and do/e, taken to wife.
The Sentence. No material change can be found in the structure of the simple sentence in Early MnE as compared with ME. The means of expressing the subject, the object, and other parts of the sentence remain basically the same.
The freedom of word order become gradually still more restricted than it had alredy been in ME. However, structures remain possible which were eventually disсarded from normal Late MnE literary style. For example, we find in Ham/et the following sentence: Mother, you have father much offended, where the direct object my father comes in between the two components of the predicate verb: its auxiliary have and the second participle. Of course no misunderstanding can arise here about the syntactical function of each element, but such sentence structure is no longer possible in present- day English.