Lecture 14-15 Grammatical Changes

Southern. ME long [s], which developed into long closed [e:] in the vowel shift, has not changed into [i:] (as in Northern, Western, and Central dialects).

3. 
   Initial [h-] often drops; on the other hand , it sometimes appears in wods where it has no historical origin (as in Eastern dialects).
   
4. 
   In some Southern dialects initial [s-]. [f-], [e-] in words of Germanic origin have been voiced, i.e. become [z-], [v-], [э] respectively; initial thr- has changed into dr-
   

The consonant [n] in unstressed syllabes has changed into [n].
In the sphere of vocabulary dialects also have characteristic peculiarities. Thus, the following words are found in dialects , which are not used in literary English: ingle 'fire in the hearth', Look out ' 'synd' 'draught'lownd 'softly,' elding 'fuel', fuddle 'drinking bout', game 'bold', yuckel 'woodpecker'.
In English literature of the 17th-19th centuries there are many examples of dialect speech used for the sake of local colouring.
Thus, many of the poems by the Scottish poet Robert Burns (1759-1796) are in the Scottish dialect.
Some Southern dialect features are found in Squire Western's speech in the novel Tom Jones by Henry Fielding (1707-1754).
Sir Pitt Crawley in Vanity Fair by William Makepeace Thackeray (1811­1863) also speaks Southern dialect.
The poet Alfred Tennyson (1809 - 1892) wrote several poems in the Northern dialect, representing the life of Northern peasants and artisans (Northern, Farmer, The Northern Cobb/er, OwdRoa).
Some elements of Southern dialect speech are to be found in the novels of Thomas Hardy (1840-1928).
Recommended Literatures for reading.

1. 
   B.A Ilyish. History of the English Language. L, 1973. p. 254-267. 295­302
   
2. 
   T.A Rastorgueva. History of English. M, 1983. p. 296-313
   
3. 
   B.D Аракина История английского языка. М. 1985.стр193-207
   
4. 
   И. П. Иванова , Л.П. Чахоян. История английского языка. М. 1976.
   

стр. 79-90,191-194, 299-304, 309-310 , 92-101

5. 
   К. Бруннер. История английского языка. Том^ М,1956 p. 4-350
   
6. 
   А.И. Смирницкий. История английского языка.МГУ., стр .93-135.
   

Literatures for Seminar and Practice:

1. 
   И.П. Иванова, Т. М. Беляува, Л.П. Чахоян. Практикум по историй английского языка. М, 1985. стр 4-25.
   
2. 
   А. И. Смирниций. Хрестоматия по историй английского языка. (с VII по XVII в.) МБ 1953. стр. 13-36.
   
3. 
   Ф. С. Алексеева . Древнеанглийский язык. М, 1971.
   
4. 
   Josef Raith. Altenglisches Worterbuch (zum altenglischen lesebuch) Munchen, 1965.
   
5. 
   Henry Sweet. The student's Dictionary of Anglo-Saxon.
   
6. 
   I. P.Ivanova. A Reader in Early English. L. 1973. p. 5-29