Lecture 6 turkistan and its division into khanates the Khanate of Bukhara or Khanate of Bukhoro

Arabshahid Dynasty (Yadigarid Shabanid Dynasty, 1511–1804[edit]

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  X: According to Howorth the ancestors of Ilbars were Arabshah, Haji Tuli, Timur Sheikh, Yadiger Khan, Bereke, Ilbars. Arabshah's brother was Ibrahim Oghlan, ancestor of the khans of Bokhara.
  
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  Ilbars I (1511–1518) 1. Enthroned by locals, several months to drive out Persians, brought in more Uzbeks who raided Khorasan.
  
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  Sultan Haji (1518–1519) 2. Nephew of 1, short reign, real power was cousin Sultan Gazi.
  
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  Hasan Quli (1519–1524, ru:1519) 3. cousin of 1, Killed by Ilbars' sons after 4-month siege of Urgench.
  
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  Sufyan (1529–1535, ru:1519-22) 4. 'Sofian Khan', second cousin of 1, fought Turkomans on lower Uzboy River which then had water.
  
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  Bujugha (1524–1529, ru:1522-26) 5. brother of 4, raided Persia, then made marriage alliance using 4's daughter. Dates from Bregel/Muniz reverse 4 and 5.
  
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  Avnik (1535–1538, ru:1526-38) 6. 'Avanek', brother of 4, blood feud with 1's family and others led to a Bokharan invasion and his death. Bokharans held Khwarezm until they were driven out by his son, Din Muhammed.
  
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  Qal (1539–1549, ru:1541-47) 7. 'Kal Khan', son of 6, prosperous reign.
  
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  Aqatay (1549–1557, ru:1547-57) 8. 'Akatai', brother of 4, fought sons of several of his brothers, defeated and impaled.
  
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  Dust Muhammad (1557–1558) 9. 'Dost Khan', son of 5, fought his brother Ish and both were killed.
  
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  Haji Muhammad I (1558–1602) 10. son of 8, fought Bokhara, which conquered Khiva, 3 years in Persia, regained homeland, driven out, retook it. Visit of Anthony Jenkinson.
  
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  Arab Muhammad I (1602–1623, ru:1603-21) 11. son of 10, Ural Cossack raid defeated, two Kalmyk raids, weak, two sons rebelled, blinded, later killed.
  
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  Isfandiyar (1623–1643) 12. son of 11, killed his rebellious brothers, pro-Turkoman, anti-Uzbek.
  
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  Abu al-Ghazi I Bahadur (1643–1663) 13. son of 11, khan after defeating Turkoman-Bokharan faction, fought Bokhara and Kalmyks, wrote Genealogy of Turks, an important historical source.
  
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  Anusha (1663–1685) 14. son of 13, took Bukhara^[15] and lost it, three more failures at Bokhara, overthrown and blinded by son Erenk.
  
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  X: Between Anusha and Sher Gazi (1685-1714) Bregel and Howorth diverge, as do entries in the Russian Wikipedia. Howorth has A. Muhammed Erenk, failed attack on Bukhara, poisoned, B. Shah Niaz (1687-after 1700) appointed by Bukhara, letter to czar in 1700. C. Arab Muhammed, letter from Czar in 1703. D. Haji Muhammed Behadur envoy to Czar in 1714, E. Yadiger (-1714), F. Arank, a Karakalpak, father of Shir Gazi
  
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  Khudaydad (1685–1687) ru: 1686-89, son of Anusha, enthroned at 15, killed.
  
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  Muhammad Awrang I (1687–1694) ru:1689-94, son of Anusha, killed by fall from horse.
  
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  Chuchaq (1694–1697) ru: calls him 'Jochi Khan', descendant of Haji Muhammad I
  
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  Vali (1697–1698)ru: descendant of Haji Mukhammad, could not maintain stability and was removed.
  
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  Ishaq Agha Shah Niyaz (1698–1701) ru: son of Jochi/Chuchaq. Howorth has Shah Niyaz appointed by Bukhara in 1687.
  
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  Awrang II (1701–1702)
  
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  ru only:Shakhbakht Khan (1702–03) son of Shah Niyaz, overthrown.
  
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  ru only:Sayyid Ali Khan (1703) son of Shah Niyaz, reign lasted several days.
  
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  Musa (1702–1712) ru:1703-04, son of Jochi/Chucaq, fled to Merv
  
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  Yadigar I (1712–1713) ru:1704-14, son of Haji Muhammad I, followed by Sher Ghazi
  
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  Awrang III (c. 1713 – c. 1714)
  
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  Haji Muhammad II (c. 1714) envoy to czar in 1714, grandson of Abul Ghazi
  
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  Shir Ghazi (1714–1727) from Bukhara, defeated Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky, fought rival state on lower delta under Timur Sultan, visited by Florio Beneveni, minor slave rebellion. ru:killed by slaves in same year as Howorth's slave rebellion, descendant of Sultan Gazi (see Sultan Haji).
  
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  Sarigh Ayghir (1727)
  
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  Bahadur (1727–1728)
  
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  Ilbars II (1728–1740) A Kazakh, rejected threat from Nadir Shah, surrendered to him, killed because he had killed Nadir's envoys. Nadir freed Persian slaves.
  
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  X from here to 1804 Russian wiki has a Tukatimurid dynasty, descendants of Tuka Timur, the thirteenth son of Jochi. This does not seem to be in English sources.
  
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  Tahir (1740–1742) cousin of Bokharan khan, appointed by Nadir Shah, killed when Nadir's army was elsewhere.
  
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  Nurali I (1742) Kazakh, son of Abul Khair Khan, helped expel Nadir's garrison, fled to steppe before Persian army returned. ru: expelled by Persians.
  
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  Abu Muhammad (1742) son of Ilbars, appointed by returning Persians
  
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  Abu al-Ghazi II Muhammad (1742–1747) resisted returning Persians?
  
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  Ghaib (Kaip Khan) (1747–1758) a Kazakh, enemy of Nurali, driven out, later khan of Little Horde.
  
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  X Between Kaip and 1804 Howorth cannot identify khans. He says that they were titular rulers and often exiled after a few years. Real power was in the hands of Inaks or hereditary prime ministers who were also chiefs on the Qungrat tribe in the lower delta. He lists these Inaks: A. Ishmed bi; B. Muhammed Amin (1755-1782) son of A; C. Ivaz, (?-1804), son of B, Dr Blankenagel (1793) could not cure his brother's blindness but left account; D. Iltazar, son of C, after six months expelled last Arabshahid khan.
  
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  Abdullah Qara Beg (1758)
  
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  Timur Ghazi (1758–1764)
  
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  Tawke (1764–1766)
  
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  Shah Ghazi (1766–1768)
  
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  Abu al-Ghazi III (1768–1769) ru: son of Kaip, later khan of Karakalpaks, later on lower Syr Darya, died in poverty in 1815
  
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  Nurali II (1769)
  
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  Jahangir (1769–1770) ru: son of Kaip
  
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  Bölekey (1770) ru: a Kazakh from lower Syr Darya, expelled above and soon driven out himself.
  
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  Aqim (first time, 1770–1771)
  
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  Abd al-Aziz (c. 1771)
  
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  Artuq Ghazi (c. 1772)
  
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  Abdullah (c. 1772)
  
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  Aqim (second time, c. 1772 – c. 1773)
  
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  Yadigar II (first time, c. 1773–1775)
  
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  Abu'l Fayz (1775–1779)
  
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  Yadigar II (second time, 1779–1781)
  
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  Pulad Ghazi (1781–1783)
  
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  Yadigar II (third time, 1783–1790)
  
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  Abu al-Ghazi IV (1790–1802) visit of Russian Dr. Blankenagel in 1793.
  
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  Abu al-Ghazi V ibn Gha'ib (1802–1804)
  

Qungrat Dynasty (1804–1920)[edit]

Qungrat Inaks

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  Ishmed bi: Howorth only, information from Muraviev who visited in 1820
  
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  Muhammed Amin Biy: ru: 1763-1790, slowly restored relative peace, defeated Turkomans in 1770 and Bukhara in 1782.
  
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  Avaz or Ivaz: ru: 1790-1804, son of above, relative peace and stability, in 1793 rebellion in lower delta suppressed, but area somewhat independent for about 20 years, in 1793 Russian Dr. Blankenagle was unable to cure his brother's blindness, but left report. According to Howorth, the brother, Fazil bi was 'always consulted' by Avaz and his father.
  
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  Eltuzar (1804): son of above, made himself khan after a few months.
  

Qungrat Khans

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  Iltazar Inaq ibn Iwaz Inaq Biy (1804–1806) Inak, exiled last khan, said he would find another, collected army and had himself made khan, attacked Yomuds towards Asterabad, then allied with them, attacked Bukhara, defeated, fled across the Oxus in a boat, so many people piled onto it that it sunk and he was drowned.
  
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  Muhammad Rahim Bahadur I.(1806–1825) son of above, said to be cruel but strong measures restored order, conquered lower delta (ru:1811), subjugated tribes, fought Persia and Bukhara, visited by Muraviev (1820) who left report. Munis wrote history of Khiva used by Bregel.
  
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  Allah Quli Bahadur (1825–1842) son of above, c 1832 took Merv and Serakhs, Alexander Burnes met his army there, 1839 Russian invasion defeated by cold weather, c1840 visited by James Abbott, Richmond Shakespear and Arthur Conolly.
  
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  Muhammad Rahim Quli (1842–1846) son of above, fought tribes south of Merv, brother defeated Bokharan invasion.
  
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  Abu al-Ghazi Muhammad Amin Bahadur (1846–1855) brother of above, took Merv, garrison expelled, retaken, fought Tekes, Russians built forts on the Syr Darya, but Khivans only raided the surrounding areas, campaigned south of Merv, Persians intervened, captured and beheaded because he unwisely pitched his tent on the edge of the camp.
  
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  Abdullah (1855) grandson of Ittazar's second son (ru:son of Muhammad Amin), enthroned by defeated army, soon killed by Turkoman rebels.
  
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  Qutlugh Muhammad Murad Bahadur (1855–1856) brother of above, fought same rebels, assassinated by rebel ally who pretended to pay homage.
  
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  Mahmud [ru] (1856) Apparently Howorth's Sayid Mahmud, an opium addict who abdicated in favor of his younger brother below.
  
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  Sayyid Muhammad [ru] (1856 – September 1864) son of second Qungrat khan, civil war, famine and plague, Ignatiev mission(1858), Arminius Vambery's visit(1863).
  
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  Muhammad Rahim Bahadur II [ru] (Feruz Khan) (10 September 1864 – September 1910) son of above, conquered by Russia in 1873, Khiva became a Russian protectorate.
  

Seid Muhammad Rahim, c. 1880

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  Isfandiyar Jurji Bahadur [ru] (September 1910 – 1 October 1918) son of the above. Following the Russian Revolution, lost the country to Junaid-khan Yomut and executed by him.
  

Isfandiyar Jurji Bahadur circa 1911

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  Sayid Abdullah (1 October 1918 – 1 February 1920) brother of the above. Real power in hands of Junaid-khan Yomut.
  

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