Leonid Zhmud The Origin of the History of Science in Classical Antiquity
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The Origin of the History of Science in
Peripatoi series, Wolfgang Kullmann, Robert Sharples, and Jürgen
Wiesner, have also read the whole manuscript and provided their expert com- ments, which saved me from many mistakes. Those that still remain are my own responsibility. I want also to express my special gratitude to Mitch Cohen at the Wissen- schaftskolleg zu Berlin for his meticulous reading of my book in manuscript and for having greatly improved its English. Preface viii Several sections of this book (3.1–2, 4.2–3, 5.1-2, and 7.6) include revised versions of my earlier papers: 1) Plato as “architect of science”, Phronesis 43 (1998) 211–244; 2) Eudemus’ history of mathematics, Eudemus of Rhodes, ed. by I. Bodnár, W. W. Fortenbaugh, New Brunswick 2002, 263–306 (Rutgers University Studies in Classical Humanities, Vol. 11); 3) Historiographical project of the Lyceum: The peripatetic history of science, philosophy, and medicine, Antike Naturwissenschaft und ihre Rezep- tion, Vol. 13 (2003) 113–130; 4) “Saving the phenomena” between Eudoxus and Eudemus, Homo Sapiens und Homo Faber. Festschrift für J. Mittelstraß, ed. by G. Wolters, M. Carrier, Berlin 2005, 17-24. I am grateful to the respective publishers and editors for their kind per- mission to use these papers. St. Petersburg, January 2006 Leonid Zhmud Contents Introduction: Greek science and its historiography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1. The historiography of science in the 16 th –18 th centuries . . . . . 1 2. The historiography of science in Antiquity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 3. Greek notions of science and progress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Chapter 1: In search of the first discoverers: Greek heurematography and the origin of the history of science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 1. Prõtoi eûretaí: gods, heroes, men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 2. Heurematography and the ‘Greek miracle’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3. Inventors and imitators. Greece and the Orient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Chapter 2: Science as técnh: theory and history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 1. The invention of técnh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 2. The theory of the origin of medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 3. Archytas and Isocrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 4. Why is mathematics useful? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 5. From ‘progress’ to ‘perfection’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 Chapter 3: Science in the Platonic Academy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 1. Plato as architect of mathematical sciences? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 2. The Catalogue of geometers about mathematicians of Plato’s time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 3. Mathematics at the Academy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4. Plato on science and scientific directorship . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 5. The theory and history of science in the Academy . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Chapter 4: The historiographical project of the Lyceum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 1. Greek science in the late fourth century BC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 2. Aristotelian theory of science and the Peripatetic historiogra- phical project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 3. History in the Lyceum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 4. The aims of the historiographical project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 5. Eudemus’ history of science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 6. Doxography: between systematics and history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Chapter 5: The history of geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 1. Eudemus of Rhodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 2. Download 1.41 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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