Leonid Zhmud The Origin of the History of Science in Classical Antiquity
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The Origin of the History of Science in
Dynamische und statische Betrachtungsweise in der
antiken Mechanik, Wiesbaden 1970. KRS: Kirk, G. S., Raven, J. E., Schofield, M. The Presocratic philos- ophers, 2 nd ed., Cambridge 1983. Lasserre. Léodamas: Lasserre, F. De Léodamas de Thasos à Philippe d’Oponte, Nea- pel 1987. Neuenschwander. VB: Neuenschwander, E. Die ersten vier Bücher der Elemente Eu- klids, AHES 9 (1973) 325–380. Neugebauer. ES: Neugebauer, O. The exact sciences in Antiquity, 2 nd ed., New York 1962. Neugebauer. HAMA: Neugebauer, O. A history of ancient mathematical astronomy, Pt. 1–3, Berlin 1975. van der Waerden. EW: Waerden, B. L. van der. Erwachende Wissenschaft, Basel 1959. Zhmud. Philolaus: Zhmud, L. Some notes on Philolaus and the Pythagoreans, Hy- perboreus 4 (1998) 243–270. Introduction Greek science and its historiography 1. The historiography of science in the 16 th –18 th centuries Ancient Greek science has been studied for such a long time that the history of these studies themselves deserves an enquiry of its own. Like philology, which emerged in Europe as classical philology, the history of science was born as the history of ancient science. It is the theories and discoveries of Greek scientists that provided the material on which the methods of the history of science were worked out over the centuries. This process started much earlier and continued far longer than is commonly thought. Interest in the history of science appeared first in classical Antiquity and has experienced more than one rise and decline since then. The first rise came in the late fourth century BC, when the earliest works on the history of science were written. Then, after a long period of dwindling interest, medieval Arabic culture again focused attention on the his- tory of Greek science, with later peaks of interest occurring during the Renais- sance and the scientific revolution of the 17 th century. The modern histori- ography of science, which takes contemporary science as its main reference point and has gradually mastered new methods of source criticism, emerged in the late 18 th to early 19 th centuries. This period coincided with a new infatuation with classical Antiquity, so that, ever since, the history of Greek science has re- mained a steadily growing field of study, combining classical philology with the history of science. This is the history of studies in ancient science summarized in one para- graph. Those who seek a detailed history of the subject will be disappointed: none has ever been written. Generally speaking, historians of science, unlike classical philologists or historians of philosophy, have as yet shown no particu- lar interest in the origin and the early stages of their discipline. In the few cases where these problems have appeared to draw attention, their examination proved superficially selective and seldom reached further back than the 18 th century. 1 Apart from works on the ancient historiography of medicine 2 and 1 Loria, G. Guida allo studio della storia delle matematiche, Milan 1946; Struik, D. J. Historiography of mathematics from Proklos to Cantor, NTM Schriftenreihe für Ge- schichte der Naturwissenschaften, Technik und Medizin 17 (1980) 1–22; Vogel, K. L’historiographie mathématique avant Montucla, Download 1.41 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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