Lesson 5 Great biologist and their contribution to the science Translate the text into Uzbek. Abu Ali ibn Sino

Words and word combinations
famous – mashxur scientist – olim
culture – madaniyat level – daraja
from the youth – yoshligidan century – аsr
middle – o‘rta discover – izlanish
treatment – davolash influence - ta‘sir ko‘rsatish
rise (v) - ko‘tarmoq rise (n) - ko‘tarilish
memory - хоtira bу heart – yoddan
to be engaged in - мashg‘ul bo‘lmoq quackery - таbiblik
to deal with - bog‘liq bo‘lmoq thinker - faylasuf
law – qonun to consider - hisoblamoq
to revise – хulosa qilmoq, qaytarmoq range - turli-tuman
innovation - yangilik to flourish - gullab-yashnamoq
creation - ixtiro epoch of Renaissance - uyg‘onish davri
representative - vakil


Exercise: 1. Control questions
1. When did Ibn Sino come to world?
2. How many of them were dealt with medicine?
3. Where did he live?
4. Whose Greek scientists’ works did he learn?
5. Why is he famous?
6. What language did considered as scientific language
7. How many works did Ibn Sino have? 8. Describe each of his "laws".
8. What age was he well known a famous tabib?
9. What was special in that period of Medicine?
Glossary

	English		Russian		Uzbek
1.		Outcome		следствие	Natija
2.		to measure		измерять	o'lchash
3.		Rate		скорость, ход, темп	Baholash
4.		at set levels		при заданных уровнях	belgilangan darajalarda
5.		Obvious		очевидный	Shubhasiz
6.		Tentatively		экспериментально	Ahamiyatli ravishda
7.		to refute		опровергать	rad qilish
8.		Merely		только, просто	Shunchaki
6		Storage		Хранение	Saqlash
7		Sap		сок растения	Dastur
8		Cavity		Полость	Bo'shliq
9		Starch		Крахмал	Kraxmal
10		Root		Корень	Ildiz
11		Compound		Сложный	Murakkab
12		to observe		Наблюдать	kuzatmoq
13		to examine		Исследовать	tekshirish
14		Feature		Черта	Xususiyat
15		Suitable		Подходящий	Kerakli

Test
Q.11 During cell division the plant cell is not seen to have:

1. 
   Spindle fibers.
   
2. 
   Centromere.
   
3. 
   Chromatids.
   
4. 
   Centrioles.
   

Q-12 Which human disease is due to meiotic errors:

1. 
   Typhoid.
   
2. 
   Cholera.
   
3. 
   Measles.
   
4. 
   Down’s syndrome.
   

Q. 13 The basic element of all organic compounds is:

1. 
   Oxygen.
   
2. 
   Hydrogen.
   
3. 
   Nitrogen.
   
4. 
   Carbon.
   

Q.14 The most abundant carbohydrate in nature is:

1. 
   Cellulose.
   
2. 
   Glycogen.
   
3. 
   Fructose.
   
4. 
   Starch.
   

Q.15 Chromosomes are normally visible under a ……...

1. 
   light microscope.
   
2. 
   genetic material
   
3. 
   proteins
   
4. 
   genome
   

Q.16 Chromosomes in eukaryotes are composed of ….. fiber.

1. 
   chromatin
   
2. 
   proteins
   
3. 
   genome
   
4. 
   genes
   

Great biologist and their contribution to the science

1. 
   Warm up:
   
2. 
   1. Who invented a microscope?
   
3. 
   2. What types of microscopes are used today?
   

4. Microscopes:
   
   Essential targets:

By the end of this text you should be able to:
● describe the main features of a light microscope and an electron microscope
● distinguish between the terms magnification and resolving power
● give the approximate size of different biological structures using an appropriate unit of measurement.
Pre-reading
■ Discuss these questions with your partner.

■ Read the given text and make your essential assignments:

A

microscope is used to produce a magnified image of an object or specimen. Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) was the first to invent a microscope powerful enough to explore the world of microbes. His discoveries stimulated an explosion of interest in the scientific use of microscopes. Since the 18^th century many new types have been invented, of which the most commonly used today are the compound light microscope and the electron microscope.
The compound light microscope
The compound light microscope is also called a light microscope or optical microscope. The compound light microscope is also called a light microscope or optical microscope. The lenses refract (bend) the light to give a magnified image of the object. The image may be projected directly into the viewer’s eye or into photographic film. A photograph taken through a light microscope is called a photomicrograph or light micrograph.
Magnification and resolution
The magnification of an instrument is the increase in the apparent size of the object. The total magnification of a compound microscope is worked out by multiplying the magnification of the objective lens by that of the ocular lens.
There is virtually no limit to the magnification produced by a light microscope; it depends on the power of the lenses used. However, above a certain magnification the image becomes blurred and it is impossible to distinguish structures lying close together. This limit of effective magnification is called the resolving power or resolution of the microscope. It is defined as the ability of a microscope to show two objects as separate. The resolving power of the light microscope is limited by the wavelength of light. Light microscopes can magnify objects up to about 1500 times without losing clarity.