Lesson uzbekistan’s pearl. The Ferghana valley

HOW TO FORM THE POSSESSIVE.

Form.
To form the possessive, add ‘s (‘apostrophes’) to the noun. If the noun is plural, or already ends in –s, just add ‘ (an apostrophe)
Examples,
The car of John=John’s car.
The room of the girls.=The girl’s room.
Clothes for men.=Men’s clothes.
The sister of Charles.=Charles’ sister.
The boat of the sailors.= The sailor’s boat.
For names ending in –s:
In speaking we add the sound /z/ to the name, but in writing it is possible to use either “s or just” the ‘s form is more common.
Examples,
Thomas’s book. James’s shop.
There are also some fixed expressions where the possessive form is used:

Time expressions	Other expressions
A day’s work	For God’s sake
A fortnight’s holiday	A pound’s worth of apples
A month’s pay	The water’s edge
Today’s newspaper	A stone’s throw away (=very near)
In a year’s time	At death’s door (=very ill)
	At my mind’s eye (=in my imagination)

Using of the possessive

The possessive form is used with nouns referring to people, groups of people, countries, and animals. “Bleonging to” or “ownership” is one of the relationship it expresses:
John owns a car. (‘John’ is the possessor or owner). It is John’s car.
America has some gold reserves (“America” is the owner.) They are America’s gold reserves.
It can also express other realtionships, for example:
Where someone works or studies or spends time:
John goes to this school. This is John’s school.
John sleeps in this room. This is John’s room.
A family realtionship:
John’s mother, the Queen’s duaghter.
Qualities:
John’s patience, the politician’s hypocrisy.
The possessive is also used to refer to shops,restaurants, churches, collegues, using the name or job title of the owner.
Examples, the grocer’s, the newsagent’s the dentist’s, the doctor’s, the chemist’s, Tommy Tucker’s, Saint James’s, the vet’s, Smith’s Luigi’s.
Shall we go to Luigi’s for lunch?
I’ve got an appointment at the dentist’s at eleven o’clock.
Is Saint Mary’s an all-girls school.
Possessives with of.
Noun phrase+of+possessive pronoun. We can talk about possession using the pattern: noun phrase+of+possessive pronoun:
A friend of mine told me that all of the tickets have already sold out.
A: Where is Martin?
B: He’s gone to pick up a cousin of his at the station. Is Lind McGrath a close friend of yours.
Warning: we use possessive pronoun, not the object form of the pronoun:
A neighbour of mine called late last night. Not: A neighbour of me...
Noun phrase+of+possessive’s noun phrase: we can also use the noun phrase+of pattern before a noun phrase with possessive’s ‘s:
He’s a brother of Maria’s.
A friend of my sister’s has opened a cafe on Dawson Street.
She was a daughter of the President’s.