Levels of Linguistic Analysis


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Levels of Linguistic Analysis

Introduction

  • For Language study, areas marked and subdivided – it helps in analytic & systematic study
  • Language has hierarchical structure
  • Language made up of smaller units which are made up of still smaller units & finally smallest indivisible unit – single distinguishable sound called phoneme

Introduction (contd..)

  • Other way round also possible – Phonemes combine to make up morphemes which combine to make up words which combine to make up phrases and sentences ….. Text or discourse
  • At each stage (or level) certain rules operate which permit occurrence and combination of smaller units

Rules

  • Rules of phonology determine occurrence and combination of particular phonemes
  • Rules for word formation – behaviour of morphemes
  • Rules of sentence formation – combination & positioning of words in a sentence
  • So each level is a system in itself.

Rules

  • Because of rules at each level, we can analyse each level independently of the other
  • Although each level is linked to the other in hierarchy, still it is independent because of distinct rules that can be described, analyzed and understood.
  • Each level of analysis corresponds to each level of the structure of language

Levels

Levels of Analysis Levels of structure

Phonetics & Phonology Sounds

Morphology Word formation

Syntax sentence formation

Semantics Meanings

Discourse Connected sentences

Levels of language linked

  • Levels of language not completely separate, important & vital linkages present
  • Earlier thought – Phonology had no link with semantics
  • Now we know – Link much more complex than thought earlier
  • e.g discourse made up of all levels working together, Semantics has analysis both at words & sentence meaning

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