Lexical stylistic Devices

Lexical stylistic Devices

Group 401

Abdukhalikova Mokhinur

Tursunbaeva Saida

Plans:

• Lexical stylistic devices;
• Metaphor;
• Metonymy;
• Irony;
• Oxymoron;
• Hyperbole.

Lexical stylistic devices

A stylistic device may be defined as a pattern according to which the peculiarities of the language may be materialized.

Lexical stylistic devices reveal the following patterns:

Interplay of different types of lexical meaning;

Intensification (усиление) of characteristic traits of the phenomena described;

Intentional (намеренно) mixing of word of different stylistic aspects.

Metaphor is transfer of the name of the object to another object on the basis of similarity, likeness of 2 objects. Metaphor has no formal limitations: it can be a word, a phrase, any part of the sentence or a whole, even a part of the text or a whole text (Алиса в стране чудес).

A metaphor can exist only with in a context. The metaphor brings to the surface, the reader to have a new fresh look at the object. The chief function is to create images.

E.g. England has 2 eyes: Oxford & Cambridge.

Metaphor may be based on similarity (сходство):

• Appearance or farm – nut – орех, голова.
• Temperature – boiling hot – кипяток, вспыльчивый характер.
• Similarity of colour – violet – фиолетовый, фиалка.
• Similarity of function of use – hand – рука, стрелка часов.
• The names of animals – ass – осёл, упрямый, глупый.

Metonymy –it’s a semantic process of associating 2 objects, one of which makes part of the other or is closely connected with it. It is a deliberate use of words in 2 lexical meanings (dictionary and context). Metonymy is a transference of meaning based on contiguity.

• The metonymy based on the types of possible association:
• 1. part for the whole (a flit of fifty sails).
• 2. a symbol for a thing symbolized (skinheads).
• 3. the container instead of the thing contained (the hall applauded).
• 4. the material for the thing made of (glasses).
• 5. the author for his work.

Irony is based on interplay of 2 logical meanings: dictionary & contextual which stand in opposition to each other. Irony doesn’t exist outside the context.

E.g.: She turned with the sweet smile of an alligator.

Irony must not be confused with humour. They have much in common. The effect of irony in such cases is created by a number of statements or by whole of the text. This type of irony is sustained irony.

Oxymoron is a variety of epithet. It is also an attributive or an adverbial word joined with an antonymic word in one combination.

E.g.: crowded loneliness, An ugly beauty, To shout silently.

Hyperbole is one of the most expressive means of our everyday speech. Hyperbole is used at exaggerating of quantity or quality when it is directly the opposite way, when the size, shape, demotions, characteristic features of an object are not overrated but underrated we deal with understatement.

• e.g. This woman of a pocket size (understatement).
• I was scared to death when I came into the room.