Lexicology as a branch of linguistics
Lexicology and Other Sciences
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Lexicology and Other Sciences
Lexicology is closely connected with other branches of linguistics: 1. It is connected with Phonetics because the word‘s sound form is a fixed sequence of phonemes united by a lexical stress. 2. Lexicology is connected with Morphology and Word-Formation as the word‘s structure is a fixed sequence of morphemes. 3. It is connected with Morphology because the word‘s content plane is a unity of lexical and grammatical meanings. 4. The word functions as part of the sentence and performs a certain syntactical function that is why it is also connected with Syntax. 5. The word functions in different situations and spheres of life therefore it is connected with Stylistics, Socio- and Psycholinguistics. Lexicology is connected with grammar because the word seldom occurs in isolation. Words alone do not form communication. It is only when words are connected and joined by the grammar rules of a language communication becomes possible. On the other hand grammatical form and function of the word affect its lexical meaning. For example, when the verb “go” in the continuous tenses is followed by “to” and an infinitive, it expresses a future action. Ex. He is not going to read this book. Participle II of the verb “go” following the link verb “be” denotes the negative meaning. Ex. The house is gone. So the lexical meanings of the words are grammatically conditioned. Lexicology is linked with phonetics because the order and the arrangement of phonemes are related to its meaning. Ex.the words “tip”and “pit” consist of the same phonemes and it is the arrangement of phonemes alone which determines the meaning of the words. The arrangement of phonemes in the words “increase” is the same. Only stress determines the difference in meaning. Lexicology is also closely linked with the history of the language. In examining the word “information” in terms of its historical development we establish its French origin and study the changes in its semantic and morphological structures. If we don‘t know the history of the language it will be very difficult to establish different changes in the meaning and form of the words which have undergone in the course of the historical development of the language. There is also a close relationship between lexicology and stylistics. The words “to begin” and ”to commence” mean one and the same meaning but they can never be used interchangeable because they have different stylistic references. There is also a great difference between lexicology and other linguistic disciplines. Grammatical and phonological systems are relatively stable. Therefore they are mostly studied within the framework of intralinguistics. Lexical system is never stable. It is directly connected with extralinguistic systems. It is constantly growing and decaying. It immediately reacts to changes in social life, e.g. the intense development of science and technology in the 20 th century gave birth to such words as computer, sputnik, spaceship. Therefore lexicology is a sociolinguistic discipline. It studies each particular word, both its intra- and extralingiustic relations. Lexicology is subdivided into a number of autonomous but interdependent disciplines: 1. Lexicological Phonetics. It studies the expression plane of lexical units in isolation and in the flow of speech. 2. Semasiology. It deals with the meaning of words and other linguistic units: morphemes, word-formation types, morphological word classes and morphological categories. 3. Onomasiology or Nomination Theory. It deals with the process of nomination: what name this or that object has and why. 4. Etymology. It studies the origin, the original meaning and form of words. 5. Praseology. It deals with phraseological units. 6. Lexicography. It is a practical science. It describes the vocabulary and each lexical unit in the form of dictionaries. 7. Lexical Morphology. It deals with the morphological stricture of the word. 8. Word-formation. It deals with the patterns which are used in coining new words. QUESTIONS 1. What is the object of lexicology? 2. What is the difference between historical and descriptive lexicology? 3. What is a word? 4. Synchronic and diachronic treatments. 5. Lexicology and its connection with other linguistic disciplines. Download 83.96 Kb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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