Linguistic research methods

BASIC METHODS OF LINGUISTIC RESEARCH

The following methods should be considered the key means and techniques of language analysis:

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  descriptive;
  
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  comparative historical;
  
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  comparative;
  
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  historical;
  
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  structural;
  
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  opposition;
  
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  component analysis;
  
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  stylistic analysis;
  
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  quantitative;
  
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  automatic analysis;
  
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  logical-semantic modeling.
  

In addition, language stratification is used in science. As a method of linguistic research, it has become widespread.
Let's start the description of the techniques with it. 

STRATIFICATION IN LINGUISTICS

The emergence of this research method is due to the diversity of the structure of society. Stratification is expressed in speech and language differences between representatives of a particular social group.
As a result of stratification (social division), sociolinguistic indicators arise. They represent linguistic elements: phraseological and lexical units, syntactic constructions, phonetic features. They all indicate the social status of the speaker.
The subject of sociolinguistics research is the problem of "man-society".The object of study is the variability of the structure of the language. Accordingly, the variables (indicators) become the object of analysis.
One of the key methods of sociolinguistics is the correlation (statistical dependence) of social and linguistic phenomena.
Data for analysis (age, education level, gender, occupation, etc.) can be obtained through a survey of respondents. This method is widespread in sociolinguistics, since it allows you to form ideas about the language, to determine the relative social level of competing linguistic forms.
Representatives of Russian schools of linguistics have always shown an increased interest in the social aspect of the language. The ideas of a close connection between linguistics and the social life of native speakers were formulated by Shherba, Polivanov, Shakhmatov and other outstanding scientists.