Linguistic research methods

DISTRIBUTIVE ANALYSIS

This method of linguistic research is based on the study of the environment of individual units in the text. When using it, information about the full grammatical or lexical meaning of the components is not applied.
The concept of "distribution" literally means "distribution" (translated from Latin).
The formation of distributive analysis is associated with the emergence in the United States of "descriptive linguistics" - one of the major schools of structuralism.
The distributive method of linguistic research is based on various phenomena:

1. 
   Accompanying the analyzed component with other units or precedence of other elements in the speech stream.
   
2. 
   The ability of one element to link lexically, phonetically or grammatically with other components.
   

For example, consider the sentence "The girl is very happy." The element "very" is adjacent to the word "girl". But these linguistic units do not have the ability to communicate. We can say that the words "girl" and "very" have speech, but not linguistic distribution. But the words "girl" and "delighted", on the contrary, are devoid of linguistic, but endowed with speech distribution. 

DIRECT COMPONENT ANALYSIS

This method of linguistic research is aimed at creating derivational structures of a single word and a specific phrase (sentence) in the form of a hierarchy of elements nested within each other.
For clarity, consider the following example: "An old woman who lives there went to the house of her daughter Anna."
Syntactic analysis consists in considering the relationship of each word in a sentence with another linguistic element present in it. However, this is a long way to go.
It is more expedient to identify the relationships of the most closely related words. Moreover, each of them can stand in only one pair. The phrase can be divided as follows:
"Old woman" and "who lives", "there", "went to the house" and "my daughter", "Anna".
Further, each pair should act as one whole. Simply put, one common word comes up:

• 
  old woman - old woman;
  
• 
  who lives - living;
  
• 
  To home - there;
  
• 
  his daughter - Anna.
  

As a result, the supply is reduced. The formed structure can be further reduced.