Listening audioscript

11. WHO IS LISTENING TO THE LECTURE?
12. WHAT DOES THE PROFESSOR SAY ABOUT AMERICAN SCHOOLS BEFORE 
THE LATE NINETEENTH CENTURY?
13. WHAT IS STATED IN THE LECTURE ABOUT TEACHERS IN THE EARLY 
TWENTIETH CENTURY? 
14. WHAT DID THE RULES FOR TEACHERS DISCUSSED IN THE LECTURE 
CONCERN? 
15. ACCORDING TO THE LECTURE, WHAT CHANGES IN EDUCATION 
OCCURRED IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY? 
16. WHAT DOES THE PROFESSOR SUGGEST PARENTS WILL EXPECT FROM 
TEACHERS IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY? 
 
PASSAGE FOUR 
Page 162
[ mp3 027-028]
 

---

LPREP IBT 3 E AudioScript 
18
Questions 17 through 22. 
Listen to part of a discussion in a geology class. 
(Professor) 
OK. So, now we’re going to move on to how to distinguish between two 
other minerals: gold and fool’s gold. So, first of all, you’re not going to 
find that mineral listed under the name fool’s gold in the mineral index, 
are you? Then, does anyone happen to know the real name of fool’s 
gold? ... No? OK, the name is iron pyrite, but I’ll bet you do know the 
reason it’s called fool’s gold. Anyone?
(Student 1) 
I think it’s called fool’s gold because it can look sort of like gold, and 
sometimes people who found iron pyrite thought they’d found gold. 
(Professor)
That’s right. So, you said that iron pyrite kind of looks like gold, but what 
exactly does that mean? 
(Student 1) 
It can be a shiny golden color, just like gold. 
(Professor)
Good. So obviously you won’t always be able to tell them apart by color. 
Now, here are some pictures of the two minerals. 
If I tell you that the crystals of gold and iron pyrite have a different shape, 
um, that iron pyrite crystals are cubical, while those of gold are not, could 
you tell me which picture is iron pyrite?
(Student 2) 
The one on the right must be iron pyrite, because the mineral on the right 
is kind of like lumps of metal crystals…like little tiny cubes 
(Professor)
Yes! Now look at the picture of gold. It’s all in little nuggets and irregular 
shapes. It looks like a liquid that was frozen into a shapeless, messy 
form. Which it actually is. Alright, then. We can’t really tell the difference 
between them from the color. The crystal shapes are different, but that 
might be kind of hard to see with the naked eye if you only had a very 
small piece. And, as a matter of fact, I’d imagine that’s why people mixed 
them up. They were probably handling pretty tiny amounts.
Ah … so what are some other ways you can tell them apart? Well, gold is 
an element, and fool’s gold is a compound of iron and sulfur … uh, 
actually iron sulfide. You have a question? 
(Student 1)
Yes … um, why is it called iron pyrite if it’s made of iron and sulfur? And 
I’m pretty sure that there’s no element called pyrite. 
(Professor)
Well, the answer is that the word pyrite is not the name of an element, 
but instead it came from the Greek word for fire. Here’s the thing; if you 
hit iron pyrite with metal, then it makes sparks. Some ancient cultures 
used to use iron pyrite to start fires, in fact. 
(Student 2) 
Excuse me, professor, but is that the way the differences are tested in a 
lab? 
(Professor) 
Good question. Well, the fact that fool’s gold is a compound of two 
elements, iron and sulfur, means that it has a very strong reaction to 
heat. When it’s heated, it turns black and smokes, and it develops a 
strong, uh, an awful odor. That’s the sulfur coming off of it. On the other 
hand, when you heat gold, nothing happens unless you get it so hot it 
melts. 
(Student 1) 
Are there any other differences?
(Professor) 
Well, another identifying characteristic of gold is its softness. You can 
scratch it with almost anything … and if you hit it, it kind of flattens out. If 
you hit fool’s gold, though, it breaks apart into its little cubical crystals, 
and it’s much harder to scratch. This is why you always see people biting 
gold in the old Western cowboy movies. If it’s pure gold, it will be soft 
enough for your teeth to leave a mark. But don’t try that with iron pyrite. 

---

LPREP IBT 3 E AudioScript 
19
Alright then. We have reaction to heat and softness, which can both be 
tested. Um another thing that, um … differentiates the two minerals is 
density. In equal amounts … uh, I mean given the same volume, true 
gold is denser than fool’s gold. If you have the same volume of gold and 
fool’s gold, the gold will weigh much more. I mean, it’ll have more mass. 
So, these are all things you could test in the lab, and I hate to disappoint 
you, but I’m afraid that you won’t be provided with a nugget of pure gold 
to do tests on. You will, though, be testing these properties on other 
minerals in the lab later on. OK, one or two more examples of some 
interesting minerals and we’ll call it an afternoon.