Listening audioscript

WHAT DOES THE PROFESSOR MEAN WHEN SHE SAYS THIS: 
(Professor) 
It’s funny you should say that, Laura… 
4. LISTEN AGAIN TO PART OF THE LECTURE. THEN ANSWER THE QUESTION. 
 (Professor) 
Let me describe the front of the coin for you. Oh, . . . excuse me,... did I 
say front? I meant back. 
WHY DOES THE PROFESSOR SAY THIS: 
 (Professor) 
Oh,... excuse me, ... did I say front? Imeant back. 
5. WHAT IS THE PROFESSOR’S ATTITUDE TOWARD THE MEMBERS OF THE 
CONFEDERATION CONGRESS? 
6. LISTEN AGAIN TO PART OF THE LECTURE. THEN ANSWER THE QUESTION. 
 (Professor) 
And, it is a common assumption, I think, that the U.S. Constitution was 
universally welcomed and revered from the beginning. I don’t think 
people today appreciate the fact that, for those in the 1780s who were in 
favor of the states’ independence and who opposed central government 
control, the Articles of Confederation were just fine. For them, the United 
States Constitution was an unauthorized attempt by the federal 
government to take away their power. 
WHAT IS THE PROFESSOR’S ATTITUDE TOWARD THE U.S. CONSTITUTION? 
 
 
LISTENING REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1 through 4) 
 
Page 185 [ mp3 057-058] 
 
Questions 1 through 8. 
Listen to part of a lecture in a zoology class. 
(Professor) 
OK, calm down, please.… It’s uh it’s time to get started … OK our topic 
for today is hibernation. When it begins getting cold in the north as 
winter approaches, uh, different types of animals deal with the approach 
of the cold weather in uh in different ways. Some animals move south to 
warmer weather, and um … some animals increase their activity or...or 
grow thicker fur to stay warm. However, other animals begin to consume 
more food in the fall to carry them through a period of hibernation during 
the cold weather. So today, we’ll be discussing this third category of 
animals, the uh the animals that hibernate. Now, these are the animals 
like groundhogs and bears that go into a state of unconsciousness or 
semi-consciousness during the cold winter months. Dave, you have a 
question? 
(Student 1) 
When I went to a cabin in the mountains last winter, we had to be careful 
of bears. I was under the impression that the bears would be hibernating, 
but … is that just an old tale some people believe? 
(Professor) 
That’s an interesting question, and I’ll actually get to that in a moment, 
but let’s start with a smaller animal. 
 
The first animal we’ll look at is the groundhog. Now the groundhog’s one 
of the best-known hibernators. It goes into its burrow 4 or 5 feet 
underground sometime in the fall, and, uh, it uh it doesn’t come out until 
spring. You won’t see hide nor hair of them all winter.

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Now, because the groundhog hibernates so completely, it’s the 
groundhog that has achieved prominence in our folklore as the animal 
that’s responsible for determining whether or not winter’s over and it’s uh 
safe to come out of hibernation. 
You see, according to legend, the groundhog will come out of the burrow 
where it’s hibernating on Groundhog Day in February. Now if winter’s 
over, the groundhog will remain out of its burrow, but if winter’s going to 
last for a while longer, the groundhog will scurry back into its 
burrow.…Yes, Amanda, do you have a question? 
(Student 2) 
Yes, I do. Does the groundhog have a good record, you know, about 
predicting whether winter’s over? 
(Professor) 
(laughs) It’s just a folktale, and I think you won’t be surprised that the 
groundhog isn’t … um … batting much more than fifty-fifty. OK, back to 
the discussion of hibernation, with a little more emphasis on its scientific 
nature. 
Yes, Tom, what’s your question? 
(Student 3) 
Well, professor, I’m not … uh … exactly sure what … um … hibernation 
is. I mean … how is hibernation different from sleep? 
(Professor) 
Ah, … that’s a good question, Tom, one that I’m a little late in clarifying. 
Here’s the deal: Hibernation is different from sleep, and these 
differences are seen in body temperature and heart rate. 
 
You see, both decrease significantly during hibernation, in contrast to 
regular sleep. But then, when an animal comes out of hibernation, the 
heart rate and body temperature increase to the levels normal during 
waking hours.
So, as I said, before an animal goes into hibernation, whether complete 
or not, it usually tries to eat enough to store up body fat. But, it’s far from 
settled as to whether animals hibernate as an adaption to cold or as a 
reaction to a scarcity of food. Lowering body temperature and uh not 
moving is a way of saving energy that can’t be easily replenished during 
winter months. Now in my opinion, it would seem easier to resist cold per 
se than survive a lack of food … um, food needed to generate energy 
and warmth. OK now, let’s get back to the different ways animals 
hibernate. 
We’ve discussed the groundhog, which hibernates throughout the cold 
weather. Other animals that hibernate in a similar fashion are bats. Bats 
will revive if they’re startled in their hibernating place, though, so their 
hibernation is not quite as complete as a groundhog. Tree squirrels also 
do not hibernate fully, although they do remain mostly inactive 
throughout the winter. If there’s a warm spell they might come out and 
search for food, as anyone who lives in the suburbs knows. I remember 
one mildly warm day during winter break watching the squirrels dig 
through what was left of the garden in my backyard.
OK, approaching the end of our continuum, we’ll now look at the bear, 
which hibernates in a different manner. And uh this ought to answer your 
question, Dave. 
You see, bears don’t hibernate as completely as groundhogs or bats. In 
the southern half of the United States, bears don’t hibernate at all 
because the weather doesn’t get cold enough for them to hibernate. In 
the northern half of the United States, bears may not stay in hibernation 

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44
for the entire winter. They may come out of their hibernation during the 
winter and wander about before returning to hibernation. Now obviously, 
for a large animal like a bear, it takes a longer time to warm up after 
emerging from hibernation. So, um … during the period when a bear is 
coming out of hibernation, the animal’s entire body does not warm at 
once. The area around the heart warms up first. As the heart warms up, 
it begins beating at its normal rate, and it’s then able to pump blood 
around the rest of the body to heat it up. 
These are the main points that we need to cover about hibernation. Now, 
uh let’s move on to the next subject if there aren’t any more questions.