Listening audioscript

1. HOW DOES THE PROFESSOR INTRODUCE THE TOPIC? 
2. LISTEN AGAIN TO PART OF THE LECTURE. THEN ANSWER THE QUESTION. 
(Professor)
So, from the start, there were already different settlements within the 
land called Carolina. 

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LPREP IBT 3 E AudioScript 
63
WHAT DOES THE PROFESSOR IMPLY WHEN SHE SAYS THIS? 
3. WHY DOES THE PROFESSOR MENTION THE COLONIES OF VIRGINIA, 
MASSACHUSETTS BAY, AND PENNSYLVANIA? 
4. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE ASPECTS OF THE 
 
GOVERNMENT DRAWN UP BY JOHN LOCKE FOR CAROLINA? 
5. WHY DOES THE PROFESSOR DESCRIBE THE DETAILS OF JOHN 
LOCKE’S PLAN FOR GOVERNMENT?
6. WHAT DOES THE PROFESSOR IMPLY ABOUT THE PLAN FOR GOVERNMENT 
DRAWN UP BY LOCKE? 
7. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS ARE TRUE OF THE SETTLEMENTS 
AT CHARLESTON AND ALBEMARLE SOUND? 
 
 
 
LISTENING REVIEW EXERCISE (Skills 1 through 6) 
 
Page 208
[ mp3 085-086]
 
Questions 1 through 6.
Listen to a lecture in a botany class. 
(Professor)
Today, we’re going to talk about phyllotaxy, which is a scientific term that 
refers to the arrangement of leaves on the stem of a plant. Now on most 
plants, leaves are arranged in a definite pattern, to facilitate…or, 
uh…help photosynthesis, which you’ve already learned is the process of 
converting light energy into chemical energy. So, this orderly 
arrangement ensures that each leaf is exposed to the maximum amount 
of light with a minimum amount of interference from other leaves. Now 
obviously, it’s very unusual for a plant to have randomly placed leaves. 
So let’s look at the type of leaf arrangement called the alternate 
arrangement. You can see this in the diagram. In this type of 
arrangement, there’s only one leaf at each node, and a node, by the way, 
is the spot where the leaf’s attached to the stem. Now the leaves are 
staggered, or alternated, around the stem of the plant. This is a very 
common arrangement. In fact, you can see this on any oak tree. 
Another leaf arrangement is the opposite arrangement, which you can 
see in the diagram. Here, there are two leaves at each node, and these 
two leaves are opposite each other on the stem. This type of leaf 
arrangement isn’t as common as the alternate arrangement, with one 
leaf at each node, but is still very evident, such as on maple trees. 
Where was I? Oh, ah OK. Let’s discuss the whorled leaf 
arrangement. This type of leaf arrangement is the least common of all. 
Now it doesn’t occur as frequently as either the opposite or the alternate 
arrangement. Now, this whorled arrangement consists of three or more 
leaves attached to the stalk of the plant at the same node. Now in the 
diagram, you can see three leaves at the same node, but it’s also 
possible for there to be more than three leaves at the same node, and it 
would still be considered a whorled arrangement. You can spot this 
whorled arrangement in many ground covers. 

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LPREP IBT 3 E AudioScript 
64
OK … um I hope you’ve been paying careful attention to this 
information about phyllotaxy, because I … um … have an assignment for 
you that’s a bit different from the homework assignments you’ve had so 
far. Your assignment is to visit the university’s botanical garden. Were 
any of you aware that this university has quite an extensive botanical 
garden? Good. Now in the botanical garden, there are examples of many 
different kinds of plants, each labeled with the name of the plant as well 
as other information about it. For your assignment, you should find three 
examples of each of these different types of leaf structures, write down 
the names of the plants that exemplify the features, and then turn in your 
lists on Friday. It’ll be quite easy for you to find examples of the alternate 
leaf structure because, as I said before, this is the most common type of 
leaf structure. It’ll be a bit more difficult to find examples of the opposite 
structure, but by far the most difficult leaf arrangement for you to find will 
be the whorled structure, because it’s…it’s so rare. You’ll probably need 
to spend some extra time finding examples of the whorled leaf 
arrangement. Well…see you Friday with your lists … uh … Hold on for a 
minute! Uh just a word of warning…. You’d better not put off the 
assignment until Thursday evening, as I’m sure many of you are used to 
doing. The botanical gardens close at sunset each day, so if you try to 
put this assignment off until Thursday evening, you won’t be able to get it 
done.