Listening audioscript

 
Sample Response, Example Question 4B, Page 281
[ mp3 118]
(Man)
The examples given in the lecture describe the pay and benefits of some 
employees and describe what equity theory says about their job 
satisfaction. Equity theory says that people compare what they get out of 

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LPREP IBT 3 E AudioScript 
80
the company to what they put in, and this is called “return for 
contribution.” The professor talks about two employees that get equal 
work and offices, but one, Bill, gets more pay and less flexibility in his 
schedule. And the other, Sally, gets the opposite. Equity theory says that 
if Bill likes money more than flexibility, he’ll be happy, and if Sally likes 
flexibility more, she’ll be happy, too. They will both feel that they get the 
same or better returns for contribution than the other one. Then the 
professor contrasts this with another employee, Tom, who does the 
same work, but for less money and in a worse office. The theory says 
that Tom will be unsatisfied because he gets less return for contribution 
than the other employees. 
 
 
Speaking Review Exercise (Skills 9 through 12) 
 
Page 284
[ mp3 119-120]
Now listen to a lecture on the same subject in an American Literature class.
(Professor) 
Two great works that represent some of the ideas of Transcendentalism 
are Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Nature from 1836, and Woman in the 
Nineteenth Century
, published in 1845 by Margaret Fuller. Nature was a 
very influential book on the relationship between humans and the natural 
world that really defined some of the Transcendentalist principles. 
Emerson wrote with a uniquely American style when he was describing 
nature —it was deliberately different from the European writing that had 
such an overwhelming influence in the early days of the United States. 
His theme was about understanding truth and religious experience by 
being a part of nature. The book was a reaction against the unemotional, 
rational approach to religion, which was dominant at the time in New 
England. Instead, the book proposed that we could achieve our spiritual 
potential through intuition and inspiration in nature. And he wasn’t just 
talking about taking a short hike. He meant that all alone in the woods, 
you should work hard to sustain a little farm and live simply in a cabin. 
He insisted that being away from the distractions of civilization, people 
could understand truth intuitively, and could improve and develop 
themselves as individuals.
Similarly, Margaret Fuller’s work, Woman in the Nineteenth Century, 
encouraged women to develop themselves as individuals. It’s the first 
American feminist work of literature, which emphasized that women have 
as much of a right and a responsibility as men to develop their own 
spiritual individuality so as to be as good as men. Along the lines of 
social justice, she also spent a good portion of her book supporting the 
cause of abolition; uh…the complete end of slavery. She felt that one 
could perceive intuitively that slavery was not moral. Thus, it was an 
individual’s responsibility, man or woman, to oppose it.