Listening audioscript

AND THE REASONS HE GIVES FOR HOLDING THAT OPINION. 
Question 4, Page 316 [ mp3 141-142]  
Now listen to part of a lecture on the same topic in an education class. 
(Professor)
If you are preparing foreign students to enter an American university, you 
must ensure that they can function in all three of these types of 
environments: cooperative, competitive, and individualistic. In some 
cultures, similar to some places here in the United States, the school 
system is organized in such a way that not all of these environments are 
regularly encountered, and so students may need help learning how to 
operate in one or more of them. So, for one group of students who were 
not used to operating in an individualistic environment, we designed 
tasks in series. That meant that, in order to get to the next task, they had 
to complete each step in the process by themselves, and each student 
was able to move at his or her own pace. We also modified the testing 
procedures so that we could enforce a policy of individual effort, not 
cooperative effort, which most professors regard as cheating. We had 
quizzes more frequently with less weight on each one. Most students 
learned that their effort had to be on an individual level. 
Now, for another group who was not used to a cooperative environment, 
we introduced group projects with divided responsibilities that required 
students to interact with each other to complete the project. We also 
evaluated them cooperatively. On tests, the score for each individual was 
the average of the total score for the whole group. The fact that the 
students knew their final score depended on the performance of their 
classmates helped establish an atmosphere where students cooperated 
to learn the material. 
EXPLAIN HOW THE TWO EXAMPLES GIVEN BY THE PROFESSOR ILLUSTRATE