Literature review

CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Vocabbulary in English learning
2.1.1 Definition of vocabulary
2.1.2 Importance of vocabulary
2.1.3 Methods of teaching vocabulary
2.1.4 Challenges in learning English vocaburary
2.2 Some basic apps to learn Vocabulary
2.2.1 The scope of Duolingo, wordup
2.2.1.1 The scope of Duolingo
a. Definition of Duolingo
b. Advantages and disadvantages of Duolingo

2.1 Vocabulary in English learning
2.1.1 Definition of vocabulary
In a person's language, a vocabulary is a collection of well-known terms. A helpful and essential tool for communication and learning is a vocabulary, which is typically developed with age. One of the biggest difficulties in acquiring a second language is building a large vocabulary. Today's vocabulary will also frequently be used in a variety of expressions. The definition of concrete is the same as that of language. Another way to think of vocabulary is as a collection of terms and their equivalents in a language.
The phrase "the total number of words in a language; a list of words with their meanings" is how Hornby (1995) defines lexical. A new vocabulary entry, however, need not be a singular word. For instance, although the words "post office" and "mother-in-law" are made up of two or three words each, they collectively convey a singular concept. A helpful practice is to refer to the lexical "item" rather than the "word" in all such instances. Burns (1972) added the term "the store of words used by a person, class, or profession" to the definition of vocabulary. As stated by Zimmerman, who was cited by Coady and Huckin in 1998, "vocabulary is central to language and is of critical importance to typical language learning," language is a set of words. In addition, Diamond and Gutlohn (2006) stated in an essay on www.readingrockets.org that vocabulary is the understanding of words and their meanings. We can infer from the definitions given above that vocabulary is basically the total amount of words required to help the speaker express his or her meaning and help convey ideas. That is why acquiring new words is so crucial. All the words in a language that are understood by a specific individual or group of people are referred to as that person's or group's "vocabulary," which is also referred to as wordstock, lexicon, or lexis (from the Latin for "name"). Vocabulary can be divided into two categories: active and inactive. The terms we comprehend and regularly employ in spoken and written communication make up an active vocabulary. The terms that make up passive vocabulary are ones that we may be familiar with but rarely use in everyday conversation. David Wolman, a frequent language writer, contributing editor at Outside, and longtime contributor at Wired, claims that English has a "staggeringly bastard vocabulary," possibly more so than any other language spoken on earth. In the Oxford English Dictionary, he calculates that between 80 and 90 percent of the terms are borrowed from other languages. He reminds us that Old English already combined elements of Celtic, Latin, Germanic, and Old French, with traces of Scandinavian and Old French impact as well. The majority of the terms in the English language's vocabulary today are of Greek and Latin origin, but despite this, English is a Germanic language, not a Romance language, according to Ammon Shea, the author of several books on obscure words. The fact that it's reasonably easy to create sentences without using words with Latin roots, but "pretty much impossible to make one without words from Old English," he claims, serves as evidence for this. In the English tongue, how many words are there exactly? To that query, there isn't really a response. There must be agreement on what comprises actual vocabulary in order to arrive at a plausible total. The Oxford English Dictionary's 1989 editors estimated that it had over 500,000 definitions in the reference book. It contains roughly 100,000 items in the typical dictionary. The total number of words and word-like forms in modern English is more than a billion words when you add up all of the lists of geographical, zoological, botanical, and other specialized jargon. However, this estimate is unreliable but plausible. Similarly, a person's vocabulary is more than just their overall word knowledge; it also includes their usage of those words. Additionally, it considers what individuals have gone through, considered, and either accepted or refused. Because of this, vocabulary is measured in a flexible manner as opposed to a set one.