Located on the western coast of

Corruption

Main article: Corruption in Russia
Russia's autocratic^[329] political system has been variously described as a kleptocracy,^[330] an oligarchy,^[331] and a plutocracy.^[332] It was the lowest rated European country in Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index for 2021, ranking 136th out of 180 countries.^[333] Russia has a long history of corruption, which is seen as a significant problem.^[334] It impacts various sectors, including the economy,^[335] business,^[336] public administration,^[337] law enforcement,^[338] healthcare,^[339][340] education,^[341] and the military.^[342]

Law and crime

Main articles: Law of Russia and Crime in Russia
The primary and fundamental statement of laws in Russia is the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Statutes, like the Russian Civil Code and the Russian Criminal Code, are the predominant legal sources of Russian law.^{[343][344][345]}
Russia has the world's second largest illegal arms trade market, after the United States, is ranked first in Europe and 32nd globally in the Global Organized Crime Index, and is among the countries with the highest number of people in prison.^{[346][347][348]}

Economy

Main article: Economy of Russia
Further information: Economic history of the Russian Federation and Taxation in Russia
The Moscow International Business Centre in Moscow. The city has one of the world's largest urban economies.^[349]
Russia has a market economy, with enormous natural resources, particularly oil and natural gas.^[350] It has the world's ninth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the sixth-largest by PPP. The large service sector accounts for 62% of total GDP, followed by the industrial sector (32%), while the agricultural sector is the smallest, making up only 5% of total GDP.^[10] Russia has a low official unemployment rate of 4.1%.^[351] Its foreign exchange reserves are the world's fifth-largest, worth $540 billion.^[352] It has a labour force of roughly 70 million, which is the world's sixth-largest.^[353]
Russia is the world's thirteenth-largest exporter and the 21st-largest importer.^[354][355] It relies heavily on revenues from oil and gas-related taxes and export tariffs, which accounted for 45% of Russia's federal budget revenues in January 2022,^[356] and up to 60% of its exports in 2019.^[357] Russia has one of the lowest levels of external debt among major economies,^[358] although its inequality of household income and wealth is one of the highest among developed countries.^[359] High regional disparity is also an issue.^[360][361]
After over a decade of post-Soviet rapid economic growth, backed by high oil-prices and a surge in foreign exchange reserves and investment,^[193] Russia's economy was damaged following the start of the Russo-Ukrainian War and the annexation of Crimea in 2014, due to the first wave of Western sanctions being imposed.^[362] In the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the country has faced revamped sanctions and corporate boycotts,^[363] becoming the most sanctioned country in the world,^[364] in a move described as an "all-out economic and financial war" to isolate the Russian economy from the Western financial system.^[204] Due to the impact, the Russian government has stopped publishing a raft of economic data since April 2022.^[365] Economists suggest the sanctions will have a long-term effect over the Russian economy.^[366]