M. A. I english P. C3 & C6 Modern Linguistics title pmd
Download 1.53 Mb. Pdf ko'rish
|
M. A. I English P. C-3 Intr. to Modern Linguistics all
2.
Connotative Meaning : Connotative meaning is the type of meaning which is attributed to a given expression by its users. Thus, unlike the conceptual meaning, which is a part of what is 'conceived', the connotative meaning is a part of what is 'perceived'. It could be understood as meaning at a deeper level and is thus the 'additional' meaning that the word or the expression carries. The meaning of the word stems from its reference to other things in the world. The implied or the suggested meanings are a part of the connotative meaning. This meaning may even change with a course of time as it is based on associations made to the concept. The word 'woman' has certainly undergone a change over a period of time. Connotative meanings vary from age to age and society to society. The connotative meanings attached to the words 'cow' and 'rose' are: (a) The belief that a 'cow' is a sacred animal is a part of the connotative meaning. (b) The fact that 'red rose' stands for love is a part of the connotative meaning. 71 As students of literature, it is necessary to pay attention both to the denotative and connotative meaning. In every day communication, we are expected to maintain as much 'clarity' as possible and avoid 'ambiguities'. However, there is a significant difference between the language of literature and every day discourse. It could be said that in literary language ambiguity is a virtue. In literary language we find several examples of strange and vague expressions, ambiguity and also obscurity. But because of this aspect, most literature is open to multiple interpretations. Thus, we as readers, need to read between the lines, and make a journey from comprehending the denotative meanings to the connotative meanings, as this exercise can make our study of literature an enjoyable and rewarding experience. For example: 1. Wordsworth in his poem 'Daffodils' says, 'Ten thousands saw I at a glance', at the conceptual level, it means that the speaker saw ten thousand flowers at a glance. However, we need to understand the meaning at a deeper level. The connotative meaning of 'Ten thousands' suggest that the speaker saw several flowers at a glance, and the number of flowers apart from their beauty is also an important factor to why the speaker was spell bound by looking at the flowers. 2. In the same poem, the speaker uses the expression 'a host of golden daffodils'. The word 'host' at the literal level suggests 'a group of'. So this is the conceptual meaning of the word 'host'. However at the connotative level, we can interpret this sentence in terms of the guest-host relationship. It could be argued that the daffodils are the host and the speaker is the guest in the context of the poem. 3. In the novel 'Tristam Shandy' written by Henry Fielding, one of the pages is left black in the novel. The conceptual meaning of the page would be the colour itself that is depicted in the novel, however at a deeper level, that is to say if we consider the connotative layer of the meaning, it could be interpreted as grief over someone's death. 4. In the play 'The Birthday Party' by Harold Pinter, the character named Stanley is tormented a lot by Goldberg and Maccan. For example, one of the questions they ask Stanley is 'Is the number 846 necessary or possible?'. the level of conceptual meaning, the question would actually mean what it states. But at the connotative level, we would interpret it as a sentence which is semantically anamolous, that is it does not carry any meaning, and language is used by the villains in the plan only as an instrument to torture, confuse and irritate Stanley. Thus, we can understand the negativity in the characters of Goldberg and Macann at the connotative level with the kind of questions that they have used. 72 The above examples from poetry, drama and fiction reveal that connotative meanings play a very significant role in literary texts. At the same time, it must be remembered that even in case of non-literary and media texts, it is necessary to understand the connotative layers of meaning. For example, the advertisement of Gwalior suitings states 'Nine out of ten well-dressed men use Gwalior Suitings'. The connotative meaning of the statement is that 'if you wish to consider yourself as a well- dressed person, use Gwalior suitings'. Even in journalistic writing, political discourse and legal language, we find underlying layers of meaning, which are a part of 'connotative' meaning, and we as effective language users need to understand this meaning well. Thus, the connotative meaning is the communicative value of an expression over and above its purely conceptual content. It is something that goes beyond mere referent of a word and hints at its attributes in the real world. It can be concluded that unlike the conceptual meaning, which is codified in terms of limited symbols, the connotative meanings are open-ended, and they vary according to the age, culture and individual. Download 1.53 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
Ma'lumotlar bazasi mualliflik huquqi bilan himoyalangan ©fayllar.org 2024
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling
ma'muriyatiga murojaat qiling