M hassan Zlabia: ♥️Brocas area

M Hassan Zlabia:
♥️Brocas area

👉Brodmann area 44

👉Anterior to lower end of
👉motor area 4
👉Dominant hemisphere ( left hemisphere in right handed person)
👉Project to Motor area 4 ( muscle of speech)

♥️Function:

👉Planning of speech pattern
👉Word memory stored in it

♥️Lesion :

👉Motor aphasia
Patient can vocalize but can't speak rather than simple words ( yes and no )

♥️Hand skilled area

👉Anterior to primary motor area 4 of hand and fingers 🤌

♥️Function:

👉Performance of hand skilled voluntary movement

👉Hand skills memory is stored in it

♥️Lesion :
👉Motor apraxia
(In Coordinated purposeless hand movements)

👉Contain Exner center, center of writing skills.

♥️Frontal eye field area :
👉Motor area 8
👉Infront of Motor area 6

♥️Function:

👉Conjugate eye movement ( voluntary movement of eye towards object).

♥️Lesion

👉Loss of conjugate eye movement
👉Visual agnosia

♥️ Head rotation area

👉 Responsible for voluntary movement of the head towards stimuli

♥️Primary motor area 4

👉 In precentral gyrus

♥️ Topographical representations

👉 Crossed : control voluntary movement of opposite side of the body

👉 Inverted :

🧚 Face in lower area
🧚 Leg and feet in upper part of medial surface of cerebral hemisphere

👉 Representation : is related to complexity of movement

♥️Bilateral representation :
👉Of muscles of both sides that must act to gether
👉 Muscle of upper part of face
👉 Muscle of diaphragm
👉 Respiratory muscle

♥️ Face representation

👉 It is not inverted
( Eye brows upward , lips downward )

♥️ Lesion ( unilateral)

👉 Contralateral paralysis
( With hypotonia, hyporeflexia, + Babinski sign )

♥️ Function:

👉 Initiation of fine skilled voluntary movement of hands and fingers of opposite side

👉 Control of gross movements of opposite side of the body with motor area 6

👉 Facilitation of stretch reflex ( Hypertonia, Hyperreflexia )

♥️ Factor increasing its excitability

👉 Alkalosis: increase blood PH

👉 Somaethetic area 1

♥️ Factor decreasing its excitability

👉 Acidosis: decreasing blood PH

👉 Motor suppressor area

👉 Previous excitability

♥️ Characters of motor area 4

👉 Control opposite side of the body

👉 Reciprocal inhibition:
Activation of agonists muscle with inhibition of antagonists

👉 Irradiation

Incoming impulses distributed through out all motor units

♥️ promotor area

👉 Brodmann area 6
👉 Infront of primary motor area 4

♥️ Topographical representations: as motor area 4

♥️ Function:
👉 Initiation: growth movements of opposite side of the body

👉 Planning for fine skilled voluntary movement of opposite side

👉 Responsible for Body positioning and posture type of movements

👉 Inhibition of stretch reflex ( hypotonia and hyporeflexia)

♥️ Lesions
🧚 Unilateral
👉Contralateral paresis :
👉 Spasticity : hyper tonia
👉 Hyper reflexia
👉 + Babinski sign
👉 Reappearance of grasp phenomenon

🧚 Bilateral lesion

👉 Motor apraxia
( loss of power to do complex movements dut to difficulty in motor planning)

♥️ NB : premotor area 6 is responsible for complex in case of damage of primary motor area 4

---------------------------------------------------------
♥️ Supplemental Motor area
👉 Infront of primary motor area 4.
👉 Above premotor area 6

♥️ Topographical representations

👉 Horizontal Representation
👉 Legs posteriorly and hands Anteriorly

♥️ Function:

👉 Provide
( Attitudinal movement, fixation movements , positioning movement)

👉which act as a background for fine skilled voluntary movement of hand and fingers

👉 Programming of Motor sequencies

🦋pyramidal tract

🔷 Connect cerebral cortex: ( upper motor neuron) with

🔜Cranial Motor neuron ( lower motor neuron) by ( corticobulbar and corticonuclear )

🔜 Spinal motor neuron ( lower motor neuron) ( corticospinal tract)
--------------------------------------------------------
🦋 Vestibulospinal tracts
👉 lateral and ventral
👉 Descend without crossing
👉 Facilitatory to stretch reflex
👉 Equilibrium and postural reflexes
---------------------------------------------------------
تجميعه
🦋 facilitatory tracts to stretch reflex
👉 Ventral Reticulospinal tract
👉 Ventral and lateral vestibulospinal tracts
👉 Olivospinal tract

🦋 Inhibitory tracts of stretch reflexes

👉 Lateral Reticulospinal tract
👉 Rubrospinal tract

🦋 Crossed extrapyramidal tracts

👉 lateral Reticulospinal tract
👉 Ventral and lateral Tectospinal tracts
👉 Rubrospinal tract

🦋 Direct descending extrapyramidal tracts

👉 Lateral and ventral vestibulospinal tracts
👉 Ventral Reticulospinal tract
👉 Olivospinal tract
----------------------------------------------

🏩 Enumerate question ⁉️

🎆 Function of pyramidal tract

1) initiation of fine discrete voluntary movement of finers and hand

2) facilitation of stretch reflexe and deep reflexes

3) bilateral innervation of respiratory muscles and muscle of diaphragm

---------------------------------------------------------
🎆 Functions of extrapyramidal tracts

1) coordination of voluntary movements.

2) performance of gross movements ( involved in positioning and fixation movements ) acting as background of fine skilled voluntary movements

3) carries descending fibers from respiratory centers and cardiac centers

4) inhibition of stretch reflex and deep reflexes
---------------------------------------------------------

🎆 Function primary motor area 4

1) initiation of fine discrete voluntary movement of hand and fingers

2) control gross movements with Motor area 6

3) facilitation of stretch reflex
--------------------------------------------------------
🎆 Function of premotor area 6

1) initiation of gross movements of the opposite side of the body

2) planning for fine skilled voluntary movements

3) inhibition of stretch reflex

--------------------------------------------------------
🎆 Function of Supplemental Motor area

1) provide fixation, attitudinal and positioning movements, acting as background of fine skilled voluntary movements

2) programming motor sequences
--------------------------------------------------------: