M. Iriskulov, A. Kuldashev a course in Theoretical English Grammar Tashkent 2008
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Ingliz tili nazariy grammatikasi.M.Irisqulov.2008.
Constraints on Direct Causation (constraints on what kind of situations
(causations) can be encoded by the Caused-Motion Construction): I. No Mediating Cognitive Decision: no cognitive decision can mediate between the causing event and the entailed motion, e.g.: Sam frightened (coaxed, lured) Bob out of the room. II. The Implication of Actual Motion: if motion is not strictly entailed, it must be presumed as an implication (implication can be determined pragmatically), e.g.: Sam asked (invited, urged)him into the room. Sam allowed (permitted) him into the house. III. Conventionalized Causations – causations which involve an intermediate cause, i.e. are indirect, but cognitively packaged as a single event, i.e. their internal structure is ignored, e.g.: The invalid owner ran his favorite horse (in the race). The company flew her to Chicago for an interview. IV. Incidental Motion Causations: incidental motion must be effected as a result of the activity causing the change of state which is performed in a conventional way or with the intention of causing the motion. It means that the path of motion may be specified and the causation may be encoded by the Caused-Motion Construction, e.g.: The butcher sliced the salami onto the wax paper. Sam shredded the papers into the garbage pail. The action performed by the agent typically implies some predictable incidental motion. V. Path of Motion: the path of motion must be completely determined by the causal force. The causing event must determine the entire path of motion, even though actual physical contact is not maintained over the entire path. Which paths count as “completely determined” is in part a matter of pragmatics. If the action is interpreted to be the driving force determining the particular path of motion, the motion can be said as “completely determined” by the action, e.g.: He shoved the cart down the incline. They laughed the poor guy into his car. The semantic constraints have been proposed in an attempt to show principled patterns where there seems to be idiosyncrasy. These constraints have been argued to involve a combination of lexical semantics and general world knowledge. Download 1.52 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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