M. Iriskulov, A. Kuldashev a course in Theoretical English Grammar Tashkent 2008

Compound Sentences 
 
The compound sentence was not felt to be a sentence proper. There were at 
least three methods, as L. Iophic and Chahoyan (17) state, employed by the 
grammarians to find a way out of this difficulty: (1) to explain it away by the 
complete independence and the possibility of isolating each member of a 
compound sentence without any change of its meaning or intonation; (2) by 
employing new terms to express more exactly the grammatical peculiarity of this 
combination of sentences. The terms “double”, “triple” and “multiple” sentences 
were used by E. Kruisinga (36) in “A Hand-book of Present day English” and H.R. 
Stokoe (41). (3) by excluding this concept from the structural classification of sen-
tences. 
The analysis of compound sentences show that clauses of a compound 
sentence are usually connected more closely than independent sentences. 
According to M. Blokh (7) “in these sentences the clauses are arranged as units of 
syntactically equal rank, i.e. equipotent” (p.296). But more close examination of 
these type of sentences shows that: 
1. The order of clauses is fixed. 
1.1.He came at six and we had dinner together.
1.2.The two women understood one another very well, but Paul seemed to 
be left outside this conversation. 
1.3.Every drawer in every room had been taken out, the contents spilled, the 
bed had been ripped apart, pictures were off their hooks and (they) were 
lying on the floor. 
One cannot change order of the clauses in these sentences. 
2. Between clauses of compound sentences there exist certain semantic 
relations. And these relations are defined by conjunctions and connectives: 
2.1. Harmony or agreement (copulative relation): 
Her lips trembled and she put up her hand as if to steady them with her 
fingers. 
2.2. Contrast or opposition. This relation is usually expressed by adversative 
conjunctions but, yet: 
The conjunctions are not numerous but they are of very frequent occurrence. 
2.3. The choice or alternation (disjunctive conjunction- or): Is that his-
torically true or is it not? 
2.4. Reason or consequence (or conclusion) for, so... E.g. 
He had apparently been working, for the table was littered with papers. 
There's no car available, so I shall go on foot.