M. Iriskulov, A. Kuldashev a course in Theoretical English Grammar Tashkent 2008

1) the communicative mind set and 
2) the expressive mind set, 
which correspond to the two main functions of language: the communicative 
function and the expressive function. Of course, when we speak, both functions are 
realized. However, the person's desire to say something may proceed from the 
necessity to get something from the hearer, which can be either of material or ideal 
nature: an object, an action, a piece of advice, even understanding and compassion. 
Of course, the speaker will do his best to be understood by the hearer. He will 
control what he is saying, he will keep in mind the hearer's social status, his 
specific character traits as well as different parameters of the communicative 
speech situation, like the time and the place. So 'when the speaker wants to share 
some information with somebody, he will proceed from the communicative mind 
set. Most speech acts are realizations of the communicative mind set. 
Therefore, any speech activity, proceeding from the communicative mind-
set is well controlled, and attention is highly involved, even though certain 
operations are realized automatically without the speaker actually controlling them. 
When the expressive mind set is realized, the person is driven by the desire 
to pour out his soul, to get rid of something that is tormenting him. He doesn't care 
whether he will be understood or not. He perceives linguistic signs as a part of 
himself. The speaker creates, he is just like an artist or a composer. And it doesn't 
matter what will eventually appear: a poem, a hypnotic text, a joke or a 
schizophrenic text. What is really important is that the expressive mind set has 
been realized. The speaker forgets about the hearer or the reader to some extent. Of 
course, there can be different stages or levels of the speaker's drift from reality. 
Still it is the logic of wish-fulfillment that underlies everything that goes on. That 
is why the texts that are the product of speech based on the expressive mind set are, 
in most cases, samples of the negative speech material. 

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