Managerial economics
The Opportunity Cost Concept
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Economics Notes Assignment
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- Discounting Concept
3. The Opportunity Cost Concept:
Opportunity cost principle is related and applied to scarce resource. When there are alternative uses of scarce resource, one should know which best alternative is and which is not. We should know what gain by best alternative is and what loss by left alternative is. The concept of opportunity cost plays an important role in managerial decisions. This concept helps in selecting the best possible alternative from among various alternatives available to solve a particular problem. This concept helps in the best allocation of available resources. The opportunity cost of any action is simply the next best alternative to that action - or put more simply, "What you would have done if you didn't make the choice that you did". The income or benefit foregone as the result of carrying out a particular decision, when resources are limited or when mutually exclusive projects are involved. 1. It helps in determining relative prices of different goods. 2. It helps in determining normal remuneration to a factor of production. 3. It helps in proper allocation of factor resources. 4. Discounting Concept: This concept is an extension of the concept of time perspective. Since future is unknown and incalculable, there is lot of risk and uncertainty in future. Everyone knows that a rupee today is worth more than a rupee will be two years from now. This appears similar to the saying that “a bird in hand is more worth than two in the bush.” This judgment is made not on account of the uncertainty surrounding the future or the risk of inflation. It is simply that in the intervening period a sum of money can earn a return which is ruled out if the same sum is available only at the end of the period. In technical parlance, it is said that the present value of one rupee available at the end of two years is the present value of one rupee available today. The mathematical technique for adjusting for the time value of money and computing present value is called ‘discounting’. This principle talks about comparison of the money value between present and future time. Eg: suppose 1) 100/- is gifted to a particular person today. 2) 100/- will be given as gift to same particular person after one year. Normally a person chooses first offer only. Why because “today rupee is having more worth than tomorrows rupee”. Download 1.84 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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