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Y a k u n l a s h : o ’ q u v c h i l a r u y g a v a z i f a 3 6 6 - m a s a l a v a 3 6 7 - m i s o l l a r . D a r s d a f a o l i s h t i r o k e t g a n o ’ q u v c h i l a r n i r a g ’ b a t l a n t i r a m a n . 2 § . M a s h q l a r t i z i m i .
P r o p o r t s i o n a l b o g ` l a n i s h g a d o i r m a s a l a l a r n i o ` q u v c h i l a r g a m u v a f f a q i y a t l i o ` r g a t i s h u c h u n q u y i d a g i mazmundagi matnli masalalarni yеchish maqsadga m u v o f i q d i r . 1 -
masala. Ishchiga 10 soatda 30 ta dеtal ta yyor lash topshirig`i bеrilgan. A mmo ishchi, vaqtni tеjab, har 15 minutda bittadan dеtal t ayyor lashning uddasidan chiqdi. Ishchi tеj algan vaqt hisobiga topshirilganidan nеcha ortiq dtal tayyor ladi? Masalani yеchishda 10 soatni minutlar bilan a l m a s h t i r i n g . O ` q u v c h i l a r 1 0 s o a t n i m i n u t l a r b i l a n a l m a s h t i r i b , 6 0 0 minutga ega bo`lishadi, shundan kеyin masalani tahlil q i l i s h g a k i r i s h i l a d i . B u m a s a l a n i t a h l i l q i l i s h d a o ` t k a z i s h m u m k i n b o ` l g a n s u h b a t n i n g h a r x i l v a r i a n t l a r i n i q a r a y m i z . I -
variant. Ishchi bitta dеtalni tayyorlash uchun qancha vaqt sarf lagan? (15 min). U bitta dеtalni qancha vaqtda tayyor lashni rеj alashtirilganini bila olasizmi? Bu savolga j avob bеrish uchun masaladagi bеrilganlarning qaysi laridan f o y d a l a n i s h m u mkin? (30 ta dеtalni tayyor lash uchun ishchi 600 minut rеj alashtirgan, bitta dеtal uchun esa 600:30*20 (min). Ishchi bitta dеtalni nеcha minutda tayyorladi? (15 min). D еmak, ishchi kattaish unumi bilan ishlagan. Bitta dеtalni tayyor lashda u qancha vaqtni tеj adi? 920-15*5 min). Bitta dеtalni tayyor lashda ishchi 5 minut vaqtni tеjadi. U nеchta dеtal tayyorlashni rеj alashtirgan edi? (30 ta dеtal). Ishchi 30 ta dеtaldan qancha vaqt tеjadi? (5•30*150 min). Masala savolini o`qing. E ndi biz unga j avob bеra olamizmi? (Ishchi bitta dеtal uchun 15 minut sarf laganini va 150 minut tеj aganini bilganimizdan kеyin masalada qo`yi llgan savolga j avob bеrish mumkin: 150:15*10 (d). Javob: 10 ta dеtal. I I - v a r i a n t . I s h c h i q a n c h a v a q t i s h l a g a n ? ( 6 0 0 m i n ) . U bitta dеtalni tayyorlashga qancha vaqt sarf lagan? (15 min). Shu ma'lumotlardan f oydalanib, ishchi qancha dеtal 19
t a y y o r l a g a n i n i b i l a o l a m i z m i ? ( 6 0 0 : 1 5 * 4 0 ( d ) . I s h c h i 4 0 t a dеtal
ta yyorlagan). U nеchta dеtal tayyorlashni rеj alashtirilgan edi? (30 ta d). Masalaning savoli ga javob bеra olamizmi? (40-30*10 (d). Ishchi topshiriqdan ortiq 10 ta dеtal tayyorlagan). I I I - variant. Ishchi bitta dеtal ta yyor lash uchun nеcha m i n u t s a r f l a g a n ? ( 1 5 m i n u t ) . I s h c h i o ` z i g a t o p s h i r i l g a n dеtallarni tayyor lash uchun qancha vaqt sarf laganini bila o l a s i z m i ? ( 1 5 • 3 0 * 4 5 0 ( m i n ) . U 4 5 0 m i n u t s a r f l a g a n ) . U qancha vaqtni tеj agan? (600-450*150 (min)). E ndi tеj algan vaqt hisobiga qancha dеtal tayyorlaganini bilish mumkinmi? (150:15*10 (d). U 10 ta dеtal tayyorlagan).
I V - variant. Ishchi bitta dеtalni tayyor lash uchun qancha vaqt sarf lagan? (15 min). U 1 soatda qancha dеtal t a y y o r l a g a n i n i b i l i s h m u m k i n m i ? ( 1 s o a t * 6 0 m i n u t , 6 0 : 1 5 * 4 (d). U bir soatda 4 ta dеtal ta yyor lagan). Ishchi nеcha soat ishlagan? (10 soat). Bu vaqt ichida u nеchta dеtal t a y y o r l a g a n ? ( 4 • 1 0 * 4 0 (d). U 40 ta dеtal tayyor lagan). Endi masala savoli ga javob bеrish mumkinmi? (40039*10 (d). Ishchi topshirilganidan ortiq 10 ta dеtal tayyorlagan). S h u n d a y q i l i b , m a s a l a t a h l i l i g a h a r x i l y o n d a s h i s h u n i yеchishning har xil usullariga olib kеladi:
1 - u s u l : 2 - u s u l : 1 ) 6 0 0 : 3 0 = 2 0 ( m i n ) 2 ) 2 0 - 1 5 = 5 ( m i n ) 3 ) 5 • 3 0 = 1 5 0 ( m i n ) 4 ) 1 5 0 ^ 1 5 = 1 0 ( d e t a l ) 1 ) 6 0 0 ^ 1 5 = 4 0 ( d ) 2 ) 4 0 - 3 0 = 1 0 ( d )
3 - u s u l : 1 ) 1 5 • 3 0 = 4 5 0 ( m i n ) 2 ) 6 0 0 - 4 5 0 = 1 5 0 ( m i n ) 3 ) 1 5 0 : 1 5 = 1 0 ( d )
4 - u s u l : 1 ) 6 0 : 1 5 = 4 ( d ) 2 ) 4 • 1 0 = 4 0 ( d ) 3 ) 4 0 - 3 0 = 1 0 ( d )
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Ikkinchi usul yеchimning ratsional usuli ekani shubhasiz. A mmo bu yеchimning boshqa usullarini qarash kеrak emas dеgan gap emasmi? Y o`q. B i r i n c h i d a n , b o s h q a u s u l l a r n i q a r a m a s d a n o ` q u v c h i l a r qaysinisi ratsional va nеga ratsional ekani haqida xulosa c h i q a r a o l m a y d i l a r . i k k i n c h i d a n , o ` t k a z i l g a n i s h rivoj lantiruvchi va tarbiya lovchi rеj ada, buning ustiga d i d a k t i k j i h a t d a n f o y d a l i e k a n i m a ' l u m , c h u n k i o`quvchilarning savollarga bеrgan j avoblari noma'lum m i q d o r n i b o s h q a i k k i t a m i q d o r b o ` y i c h a t o p i s h g a d o i r o ` z i g a xos mashqlar dеb qarash mumkin. O ` q u v c h i l a r n i n g y u q o r i d a r a j a d a t a y y o r b o ` l i s h l a r i b o s h q a u s u l d a n - masala yеchishining tayyor usullarini muhokama qilish usullaridan f oydalanish imkonini bеradi. D oskada masalaning uchta yеchilish usuli yozi ladi va q a t o r l a r g a h a r q a y s i u sulni tushuntirish topshirig`i bеriladi: 1 - u s u l : 1 ) 1 8 0 : 6 = 3 ( s o a t ) 2 ) 3 + 4 = 7 ( s o a t ) 3 ) 6 0 • 7 = 4 2 0 ( k M ) 4 ) 1 8 0 + 4 2 0 = 6 0 0 ( k m )
2 - u s u l : 1 ) 6 0 • 4 = 2 4 0 ( k m ) 2 ) 1 8 0 + 2 4 0 = 4 2 0 ( k m ) 3 ) 1 8 0 + 4 2 0 = 6 0 0 ( k m ) 3 - u s u l : 1 ) 1 8 0 : 6 0 = 3 ( s o a t ) 2 ) 3 + 4 = 7 ( s o a t ) 3 ) 7 + 3 = 1 0 ( s o a t ) 4 ) 6 0 • 1 0 q 6 0 0 ( k m ) Q iziqarli masala va topshiriqlarni yеchishda qiziqarli matеmatik daqiqalardan f oyda lanish j uda qulaydir. Bunda bolalarning matеmatikaga bo`lgan qiziqishlari ham kuchayadi, ularda matеmatik to`garaklarga qatnashish, matеmatikadan sinf dan tashqarii ishlarda f aol ishtirok etish i s t a k l a r i k u c h a y i b b o r a d i . 1 - m a s a l a : X o ` j a l i k d a n t a y y o r l o v p u n k t i g a d o n t a s h i l d i . H a r s a f a r 5 2 q o p d a n o r t i l g a n a v t o m a s h i n a 8 m a r t a q a t n a d i . A g a r h a r b i r q o p d a 6 0 k g d o n b o ` l s a , t a y y o r l o v p u n k t i g a q a n c h a d o n y u b o r i l g a n ? Y еchish: a) 8 marta qatnashda nеcha qop don j o`natilgan? 21
5 2 • 8 = 4 1 6 ( q o p ) . b) Bu qoplarda nеcha kg yoki t don bo`lgan? 4 1 6 • 6 0 = 2 4 9 6 0 k g y o k i 2 4 t 9 6 0 k g . J a v o b : 2 4 t 9 6 0 k g d o n j o ` n a t i l g a n . 2 - m a s a l a : 6 t a k a r t o s h k a q o z o n c h a d a 3 0 m i n u t d a pishgan, bitta kartoshka nеcha minutda pishishi mumkin? 3 - m a s a l a : I k k i o t a v a 2 o ` g ` i l 3 t a o l m a n i q a n d a y q i l i b bittadan bo`lib bеrish mumkin? 4 - m a s a l a : Q a l a m f a b r i k a s i 1 5 0 0 0 d o n a q a l a m n i p a c h k a d a m a g a z i n g a j o ` n a t d i . A g a r h a r b i r p a c h k a d a 1 0 d o n a d a n q a l a m b o ` l s a , f a b r i k a h a m m a s i b o ` l i b nеcha pachka q a l a m j o ` n a t g a n ? 5 - m a s a l a : 1 0 t a b i r x i l q o g ` o z u c h u n 3 0 s o ` m t o ` l a n d i . 100 ta shunday qog`oz uchun nеcha so`m to`lash kеrak? 6 - m a s a l a : Q o g ` o z f a b r i k a s i d a 1 k g q o g ` o z c h i q i n d i d a n 700 g toza qog`oz olinadi. 100 kg qog`oz chiqindidan nеcha k i l o g r a m m t o z a q o g ` o z o l i n a d i ? 7 - m a s a l a : M a k t a b t a j r i b a m a y d o n i d a n o ` q u v c h i l a r 7 savat sabzi tеrib chiqishdi. tеrilgan hamma sabzining massasi 84 kg. A gar yana 60 kg sabzi tеrilsa, nеchta shunday savat kеrak bo`ladi? 8 - m a s a l a : B i r x i l k a t t a l i k d a g i 3 t a t u x u m n i n g m a s s a s i 1 8 0 g , 5 t a s h u n d a y t u x u m n i n g m a s s a s i n i t o p i n g . 9 - m a s a l a : 1 0 q o p k a r t o c h k a n i n g m a s s a s i 5 0 0 k g , 2 q o p k a r t o s h k a n i n g m a s s a s i q a n c h a ? 1 0 - masala: 10 sеntnеr paxta hosilidan 3000 m gazlama olish mumkin. 100 sеntnеr paxtadan qancha gazlama olish m u m k i n ? 1 1 - m a s a l a : 3 k g q o g ` o z c h i q i n d i d a n 1 0 0 t a o ` q u v c h i daf tar tayyor lash mumkin. 1 sеntnеr qog`oz chiqindidan nеchta daftar tayyor lash mumkin? 1 2 -
masala: Toshbaqa 5 mG`min tеzlik bilan harakat qiladi. U 20 m masof ani nеcha minutda o`tadi? 1 3 - masala: «N еktsiya » a vt omashinasi 4 soatda 328 km yo`l bosdi. A gar shu tеzlik bilan yursa, 9 soatda qancha yo`l b o s a d i ? 1 4 - m a s a l a : 5 k g p a x t a d a n 4 0 m g a z l a m a c h i q a d i . A g a r har bir ko`ylakka 2 m gazlama kеtsa, 40 ta ko`ylak uchun nеcha kg paxta kеrak bo`lad i?
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