Mavzu: Tarmoq kompanetalari uch turga bo’linadi

Mavzu: Tarmoq kompanetalari

• 
  Tarmoq kompanetalari uch turga bo’linadi
  

1. 
   End devices
   
2. 
   Intermediary network devices
   
3. 
   Network media
   

• 
  Sessiyani boshqaruvchi va tugatuvchi qurilma End devices deyiladi( Laptop , computer , printer )
  
• 
  Faqat bitta oila qurilmalaridan tashkil topgan tarmoq Local Area Network (LAN) deyiladi
  
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  Eng kamida ikkita tarmoqni birlashuvidan hosil bo’lgan tarmoq Wide Area Network (WAN) tarmoq deyiladi
  
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  Switch End devices birlashtirib LAN tarmoq hosil qiladi
  
• 
  Routr bir nechta LAN( xar hil oiladagilarni bir biriga bog’laydi)
  
• 
  Intermediary network devices tarmoqni End deviceslar o’rtasida aloqani taminlab beradigan qurilmalar (Switch , Routr, Wireless Routr, Multilayer Switch, Firewall Appliance )
  
• 
  Network media-muhit (copper, Fiber-optic, Wireless)
  
• 
  Topologiya ikki xil bo’ladi
  

1)Fizik topologiya
2)Logik topologiya

• 
  Fizik topologiyada qurilmani joylashuvi aks etadi
  
• 
  Logik topologiyada qurilmani portlari va ip addresslardan tashkil topgan
  
• 
  Ishonchi tarmoqlar
  

1)Fault tolerance-zaxira tarmog’i
2)scalubity-kengayish olish qobilyati
3)Quality of service (QOS)-muxumlik darajasi
4)securety-xavsizlik

• 
  Network Interface Card (NIC) yoki tarmoq adapter kompyuter yoki boshqa so’nggi qurilmada tarmoqqa jismoniy ulanishni ta’minlaydi
  
• 
  Interface Routrlar tarmoqlarni bir-biriga ulash uchun ishlatilgani sababli yo’riqnoma portlari tarmoq interface deb ataladi
  
• 
  Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)-bir shahar ichida tashkil etilgan kompyuter tarmog’i
  
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  Wireless LAN (WLAN) LANga o’xshaydi lekin geografik hududagi foydalanuvchilarni oxirgi nuqtalarini simsiz ravishda o’zaro bog’laydi
  
• 
  Storage Area Network (SAN)-fayl serverlarni qo’llab quvvatlash va ma’lumotlarni saqlash , qidirish va takrorlashni ta’minlash uchun mo’ljallangan tarmoq (xotira tarmog’i)
  
• 
  Persional Area Network (PAN) shaxsiy tarmoq bu shaxisning ish joyidagi elektron qurilmalarni o’zaro ulash uchun mo’ljallangan
  
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  WWAN -simsiz global tarmoq
  
• 
  Converging tarmoq- bir xil qoidalar va kelishuvlarga asoslangan tarmoq
  

Mavzu:Packet treca b-n ishlash

• 
  CLI-comman line interface
  
• 
  GLI-Grafic user interface
  
• 
  Har bitta qurilma consol kabel orqali nastroyka qilamiz
  
• 
  Routrni ikkita modellini ishlatamiz
  

1)2911 2)PT-Empty

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  Defalt gateway-bu tarmoq uchun internetga chiqish darvozamiz
  
• 
  Routr va switchda 3 ta rejim bor
  
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  User EXEC mode-bu rejimda aloqa bor yoki yo’qligi tekshiriladi.
  

Router>enable
Switch>enable

• 
  Privileged EXEC mode -bu rejimda istalgan nastroykani ko’rish mumkin va qisman nastroyka qilishimiz mumkin.
  

Router#configure terminal
Switch#configure terminal

• 
  Global configuration mode bunda istalgan nastroykani qilishimiz va istalgan nastroykani ko’rishimiz mumkin
  
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  Hostname -nom berish
  

Router(config)#hostname R1
Switch(config)#hostname s1

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  Parolni qo’yish
  

R1(config)#enable password
s1(config)#enable password

• 
  Parolni shifirlash
  

R1(config)#enable secret
s1(config)#enable secret

• 
  Line consolga parol qo’yish
  

R1(config)#line consol 0
R1(config-line)#password
R1(config-line)#login
s1(config)#line consol 0
s1(config-line)#password cisco
s1(config-line)#login

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  Ogohlantirish
  

R1(config)#banner motd " kirish taqiqlanadi"
s1(config)#banner motd "kirish taqiqlanadi"

• 
  Qurilmani ichidagi barcha ma’lumotni shifirlash
  

R1(config)#service password-encryption
s1(config)#service password-encryption

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  portlariga ip address berish
  

R1(config)#interface gigabitEthernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if)#no shutdown

• 
  Istalgan nastroykani ko’rish
  

R1#show running-config
s1#show running-config

• 
  Commandalarni saxranit qilish
  

1)R1#write memory
s1#write memory
2)R1#copy running-config startup-config
s1#copy running-config startup-config

• 
  Barcha commandani o’chirish
  

R1#erase startup-config
s1#erase startup-config

• 
  Oxirgi yozilgan commandalarni eslab qoladi
  

R1#terminal history size
R1#show history
s1#terminal history size
s1#show history

• 
  Portga berilgan ip addresslarni ko’rish
  

R1#show ip interface brief
s1#show ip interface brief

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  Portlar haqida ma’lumot berish
  

R1#show ip interface
S1#show ip interface