Measuring student knowledge and skills
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measuring students\' knowledge
Mathematical literacy is defined in terms of the individual’s understanding of the role of mathemat-
ics and the capacity to engage in this discipline in ways that meet his or her needs. This puts the empha- sis on the capacity to pose and solve mathematical problems rather than to perform specified mathematical operations. Mathematical literacy is assessed in relation to: – First, the content of mathematics, as defined mainly in terms of mathematical “big ideas” (such as chance, change and growth, space and shape, quantitative reasoning, uncertainty and dependency relationships) and only secondarily in relation to “curricular strands” (such as numbers, algebra and geometry). A representative, rather than a comprehensive range of the main concepts under- lying mathematical thinking have been chosen for OECD/PISA; these have been narrowed down further for the first cycle of the assessment – in which mathematics is a “minor” domain – to two big ideas: change and growth and space and shape. These allow a wide representation of aspects of the curriculum without undue focus on number skills. – Second, the process of mathematics as defined by general mathematical competencies. These include the use of mathematical language, modelling and problem-solving skills. The idea is not, however, to separate out such skills in different test items, since it is assumed that a range of com- petencies will be needed to perform any given mathematical task. Rather, questions are organised in terms of three “competency classes” defining the type of thinking skill needed. The first class consists of simple computations or definitions of the type most familiar in conventional mathemat- ics assessments. The second requires connections to be made to solve straightforward problems. The third competency class consists of mathematical thinking, generalisation and insight, and requires students to engage in analysis, to identify the mathematical elements in a situation and to pose their own problems. – Third, the situations in which mathematics is used. The framework identifies five situations: per- sonal, educational, occupational, public and scientific. In the case of mathematics this dimension is considered to be less important than process or content. Download 0.68 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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