Междунаро́дный же́нский день праздник, отмечаемый ежегодно 8 марта в ряде стран как «женский день»

Современные традиции празднования и особенности

марта - теперь официальный праздник в Афганистане, Армении, Азербайджане, Белоруссии, Буркина-Фасо, Камбодже, Китае (только для женщин), Куба, Джорджия, Гвинея-Бисау, Эритрея, Казахстан, Кыргызстан, Лаос, Мадагаскар (только для женщин), Молдова, Монголия, Черногория, Непал (только для женщин), Россия, Таджикистан, Туркмения, Уганда, Украина, Узбекистан, Вьетнам и Замбия. Традиция подразумевает, что мужчины чтят своих матерей, жен, подруг, коллег, и т.д. с цветами и маленькими подарками. В некоторых странах Международный Женский день имеет статус Дня матери, где дети делают маленькие подарки своим матерям и бабушкам.

Новое тысячелетие засвидетельствовало существенное изменение как в женских мыслях, так и в мыслях общества о женском равенстве и эмансипации. С большим количеством женщин на важных должностях, большим равенством в законодательных правах и практически в каждом аспекте жизни, можно сказать, что женщины получили истинное равенство. Тем не менее, женщинам все еще не платят так же, как их коллегам-мужчинам, женщины все еще не присутствуют в равных количествах в бизнесе, или политике, и глобально женское образование, здоровье и насилие над ними хуже, чем у мужчин.
Однако, большие улучшения были сделаны. У нас действительно есть женщины-космонавты и премьер-министры, школьницы поступают в университет, женщины могут работать и иметь семью, у женщин есть реальный выбор. Сам тон и природа 8 марта, в течение прошлых нескольких лет, изменился от того, чтобы быть напоминанием об отрицаниях, на празднование положительных сторон.
Ежегодно 8 марта тысячи мероприятий проводятся во всем мире, чтобы вдохновить женщин праздновать успехи. Глобальная паутина богатой и разнообразной местной деятельности соединяет женщин по всему миру в пределах политических съездов, деловых конференций, деятельности правительства и сетевых событий. Устраиваются женские рынки ремесла, театральные действия, показы мод и так далее.
Множество глобальных корпораций также начали более активно поддерживать Международный Женский день. Например, 8 марта гигант поисковой системы и СМИ Google несколько лет изменяет свою эмблему на его глобальных страницах результатов поиска. Из года в год этот день увеличивается в статусе. Соединенные Штаты даже определяют целый месяц марта, как 'Женский Месяц Истории'.
Празднование 8 марта в России включает устоявшийся «ритуал» дарения женщинам цветов и подарков.
Ряд российских авторов и организаций (в частности, журналист Наталья Радулова) критикуют сложившиеся на территории бывшего СССР восприятие Международного женского дня и характер его празднования. По их мнению, праздник, вопреки своему первоначальному смыслу, пропагандирует сексистские стереотипы.
Некоторые современные историки, проанализировав публикации советского периода на тему Международного женского дня, говорят о том, что праздник был посвящен в основном «мужественным» женщинам, достигшим успехов в «мужских» профессиях.
В Русской православной церкви считают празднование Международного женского дня 8 марта, обычно совпадающего с днями Великого поста, «неуместным». По православной традиции женщин принято поздравлять в Неделю жен-мироносиц. Глава синодального Отдела по взаимоотношениям Церкви и общества протоиерей Всеволод Чаплин:
«Традиция празднования 8 Марта вошла в наш быт, но православные люди не забывают и не забудут о том, что она связана с революционными движениями, которые принесли много страданий людям».
По мнению церковного деятеля диакона Андрея Кураева, «8 марта - не день женщины, а праздник определенного типа женщин, день женщины-революционерки. И потому в тех странах, где революционная волна начала ХХ века захлебнулась, празднование Революционерки не прижилось».
Темы Международного женского дня:
- «Равноправие женщин после 2005 года: за гарантированное будущее»
- «Женщины в процессе принятия решений. Ответы на вызовы и осуществление перемен»
- «Прекращение безнаказанности в случаях насилия в отношении женщин и девочек»
- «Инвестирование в развитие женщин и девочек»
- «Женщины и мужчины, сообща покончим с насилием в отношении женщин и девочек»
- «Равные права, равные возможности: прогресс для всех»
- «Равный доступ к образованию, профессиональной подготовке, достижениям науки и техники - путь к достойной работе для женщин»
- «Расширение прав и возможностей сельских женщин - нет голоду и нищете»
С 2002 года в России Международный женский день является официальным выходным. В этот праздник женщинам принято дарить цветы (чаще всего тюльпаны) и конфеты. Кроме России Международный женский день очень популярен в Англии. В этот день мужья и дети преподносят матерям цветы и делают за них всю работу по дому. В Австралии в этот день одеваются в зелёные и фиолетовые цвета символизирующие нежность и свободу.

International Women's Day - a holiday celebrated annually on March 8 in a number of countries as " Women's Day ".

Celebrated annually on the UN International Day for Women's Rights and International Peace. Historically emerged as a day of solidarity of women workers in the struggle for equal rights and emancipation.
In 2013, exactly 100 years as a celebrated this wonderful holiday .
History of holiday
Widespread version, according to which the tradition of celebrating International Women's Day March 8 was put " march of empty pots ," which held that day in 1857 workers of the textile industry and garment factories in New York to protest against unacceptable working conditions and low wages. They demanded shorter working hours , better working conditions , equal to men's wages. These women while working up to 16 hours a day, and their labor was very underpaid . But Francoise Peak in several articles (in collaboration with others) has shown that this fact is not confirmed , but the legend was probably invented in 1955 to separate the holiday tradition of the communist ideology , which was important for women's rights in Western Europe and the U.S. during the Cold War .
March 1908 at the call of the New York Social Democratic women's organization held a rally with slogans about equal rights for women . On this day, more than 15 000 women marched through the city , demanding a shorter working day and men equal c wage conditions . Also, was demanded women's suffrage .
In 1909, in accordance with the declaration of the Socialist Party of America , the first International Women's Day was founded in the United States on February 28. Women continued to celebrate IWD on the last Sunday of February until 1913.
In 1910 a second International Conference of Working Women was held in Copenhagen. Women nominated Clara Zetkin ( Leader of the ' Women's Office ' Social Democratic Party in Germany) to bring up for discussion the idea of ​​International Women's Day . She proposed that every year in every country will celebrate Women's Day . Conference of more than 100 women from 17 countries, representing unions, socialist parties , working women's clubs , welcomed the proposal Zetkin with unanimous approval and thus International Women's Day had come.
Following the decision agreed at Copenhagen in 1911 , International Women's Day is celebrated in Austria, Denmark , Germany and Switzerland on March 19. More than one million women and men attended rallies campaigning for women's rights to work , vote , be trained , to hold government posts . However , later on March 25 , a tragic accident at work in New York City took the lives of more than 140 working women , most of them Italian and Jewish immigrants . This disastrous event drew significant attention to working conditions and labor legislation in the United States , which became the focus of subsequent International Women's Day . In 1911, as the campaign was launched women's ' Bread and Roses ' .
On the eve of World War I campaigning for peace , Russian women observed their first International Women's Day on the last Sunday in February 1913 . Since 1913, International Women's Day was transferred to 8 March and this day has remained the global date. In 1914, women across Europe held rallies against the war and expressed women's solidarity .
In 1917, the last Sunday of February , Russian women began to fight " for bread and peace " in response to the death over 2 million Russian soldiers in war. Ignored by political leaders the women continued to strike until four days later, the King was forced to abandon the rule and the provisional government granted women the right to vote . This women's strike took place on Sunday 23 February on the Julian calendar then used in Russia . This day on the Gregorian calendar was March 8.
Since its birth in the socialist movement International Women's Day has grown to become a global day of recognition and celebration of women in developed and developing countries. For decades, the festival gained its power annually . For many years the United Nations holds annual conference to coordinate international efforts for women's rights and participation in social , political and economic processes . 1975 was defined by the United Nations as the ' International Women's Year ' . Women's organizations and governments around the world have also noted its annual March 8 , conducting large-scale events , carefully recalling the rights and women's equality in all aspects of life.
First " March 8 " in Russia was celebrated in 1913 in St. Petersburg , as a popular event in Western society .
In 1921 by the decision of the 2nd Communist women's conference it was decided to celebrate International Women's Day on 8 March in memory of women's participation in demonstrations in Petrograd March 8 (February 23 , Old Style ), 1917 , as one of the events that preceded the February Revolution in result of which the monarchy was overthrown .
Since 1966 , in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet on May 8, 1965 , International Women's Day has become a holiday and a day off. Gradually in the USSR holiday completely lost political overtones and bind to combat discrimination against women ( according to some points of view , a radical change in the meaning of the holiday in the public mind could be a greater or lesser extent, the result of intentional activity of the political leadership of the country ), becoming "the day all women " and acquired modern features.
Modern tradition of celebrating and features

March - is now an official holiday in Afghanistan , Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Burkina Faso, Cambodia, China ( for women only ) , Cuba , Georgia , Guinea-Bissau , Eritrea, Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Laos , Madagascar ( for women only ) Moldova, Mongolia , Montenegro , Nepal ( for women only ) , Russia , Tajikistan, Turkmenistan , Uganda, Ukraine , Uzbekistan , Vietnam and Zambia . Tradition implies that men honor their mothers, wives , girlfriends, colleagues , etc. with flowers and small gifts . In some countries, International Women's Day has the status of Mother's Day where children make small gifts to their mothers and grandmothers .

The new millennium has witnessed a significant change in women's minds and in the minds of society about women's equality and emancipation. With more women in important positions , greater equality in legislative rights , and in almost every aspect of life, we can say that women gained true equality . Nevertheless , women are still not paid the same as their male counterparts , women still are not present in equal numbers in business or politics , and globally women's education , health and violence against them is worse than that of men .
However , great improvements have been made. We do have female astronauts and prime ministers , school girls go to university , women can work and have a family , women have real choices . The tone and nature of the March 8 , during the past few years has changed from being a reminder about the negatives , the celebration of the positives.
Every year thousands of March 8 events are held throughout the world to inspire women to celebrate successes. Global Web rich and diverse local activity connects women worldwide within political conventions , business conferences , government activities and networking events . Nestle female craft markets , theatrical performances , fashion shows , and so on .
Many global corporations have also started to more actively support the International Women's Day . For example , March 8, the search engine giant Google and the media a few years changes its logo on its global search pages . From one year to the day increases in status. United States even define a whole month of March as ' Women's History Month ' .
Celebrating March 8 includes Russia settled "ritual" giving women flowers and gifts.
A number of Russian authors and organizations (in particular , the journalist Natalia Radulov ) criticize established in the former Soviet perception of International Women's Day and the nature of its celebration. According to them , the holiday , despite its original meaning , promotes sexist stereotypes.
Some modern historians of the Soviet period analyzed publications on International Women's Day , said that the festival was devoted mainly to the " manly " women who have attained success in "male" occupations.
The Russian Orthodox Church is considered the celebration of International Women's Day on March 8 , usually coinciding with the days of Lent, "inappropriate" . According to Orthodox tradition, women to congratulate the Sunday Myrrhbearers . Head of the Synodal Department for Church and Society Relations Archpriest Vsevolod Chaplin
" The tradition of celebrating March 8 came into our life, but Orthodox people do not forget and do not forget that it is associated with revolutionary movements that have brought much suffering to the people."
According to the church leader Deacon Andrei Kuraeva , " March 8 - the day is not a woman , and the holiday of a certain type of women , women day - revolutionary . And because in those countries where the revolutionary wave of the early twentieth century choked celebrating revolutionaries did not stick . "
Theme of the International Women's Day :
- " Equality of women since 2005: guaranteed for the future"
- "Women in decision-making . Meeting the Challenges and implementation of change "
- " Ending Impunity for Violence against Women and Girls"
- "Investing in women and girls"
- " Women and men work together to end violence against women and girls "
- "Equal rights , equal opportunities: progress for all"
- " Equal access to education , training, science and technology - a way to decent work for women"
- " Empowerment of rural women - no hunger and poverty "
Since 2002, the Russian International Women's Day is an official holiday . In this festival decided to give women flowers (mostly tulips ) and candy. Besides Russian International Women's Day is very popular in England. On this day, husbands and children presented flowers and mothers do for them all the housework . In Australia, on this day dressed in green and purple color symbolizing tenderness and freedom.