Microscopic and Mesoscopic Traffic Models
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ferrara2018
5.2.1
Car-Following Models Car-following models describe the longitudinal interactions of vehicles in a road, i.e. the behaviour according to which a driver follows the preceding vehicle in traffic. The first car-following models appeared in the 50s [ 7 ] and, since then, a great number of models of this type were proposed by researchers. Car-following models differentiate for the considered assumptions, but they present a common notation which considers a pair of vehicles: the preceding vehicle (i.e. the leader) is denoted with n − 1, whereas the vehicle following the leader (i.e. the follower) is denoted with n, as shown in Fig. 5.1 . The following notation is used: • L n −1 , L n are the lengths of vehicles n − 1, n, respectively [m]; • x n −1 (t), x n (t) are the positions of vehicles n − 1, n, respectively, at time t [m]; 5.2 Microscopic Traffic Models 117 Fig. 5.1 The main notation of car-following models n n − 1 L n L n −1 x n x n −1 • v n −1 (t), v n (t) are the speeds of vehicles n − 1, n, respectively, at time t [m/s]; • a n −1 (t), a n (t) are the accelerations of vehicles n − 1, n, respectively, at time t [m/s 2 ]; • x(t) = x n −1 (t) − x n (t) is the space headway between vehicle n − 1 and n at time t [m]; • v(t) = v n −1 (t) − v n (t) is the speed difference between vehicle n − 1 and n at time t [m/s]; • s n (t) = x n (t) − L n −1 is the spacing from the front edge of vehicle n to the rear end of vehicle n − 1 [m]; • T is the reaction time [s]. Several overview papers on car-following models have appeared in the literature, such as the historical survey proposed in [ 9 ], the one in [ 20 ] specifically focused on driver heterogeneity aspects, and the more recent review especially addressing how human factors are incorporated in car-following models [ 21 ]. Each of these papers suggests a different classification of car-following models. In this book, we pro- pose a classification based on four categories: Gazis–Herman–Rothery or stimulus– response models, safety-distance or collision-avoidance models, reference-signal models, and models including human factors. Download 0,52 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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