Microsoft Word alexicology doc
VII. Read the following jokes. Explain why the italicised groups
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English lexicology Лексикология
- Bu sahifa navigatsiya:
- Great Discovery
- VIII. Explain whether the semantic changes in the following phraseological units are complete or partial. Paraphrase them.
- IX. Say what structural variations are possible in the following phraseological units. If in doubt, consult the dictionaries.
VII. Read the following jokes. Explain why the italicised groups
of words are not phraseological units. Warning The little boy whose father was absorbed in reading a newspaper on the bench in the city park, exclaimed: "Daddy, look, a plane!" His father, still reading the paper, said: "All right, but don't touch it." Great Discovery A scientist rushed into the ops room of the space mission control centre: "You know that new gigantic computer which was to be the brain of the project? We have just made a great discovery!" "What discovery?" "It doesn't work!" VIII. Explain whether the semantic changes in the following phraseological units are complete or partial. Paraphrase them. To wear one's heart on one's sleeve; a wolf in a sheep's clothing; to fly into a temper; to stick to one's word; bosom friend; small talk; to cast pearls before swine; to beat about the bush; to add fuel to the fire; to fall ill; to fall in love; to sail under false colours; to be at sea. IX. Say what structural variations are possible in the following phraseological units. If in doubt, consult the dictionaries. To catch at a straw; a big bug; the last drop; to build a castle in the air; to weather the storm; to get the upper hand; to run for one's life; to do wonders; to run a risk; just the other way about. 239 CHAPTER 1 3 Phraseology: Principles of Classifica- tion It would be interesting now to look at phraseological units from a different angle, namely: how are all these treasures of the language approached by the linguistic science? The very miscellaneous nature of these units suggests the first course of action: they must be sorted out and arranged in certain classes which possess identical character- istics. But which characteristics should be chosen as the main criteria for such a classification system? The structural? The semantic? Those of degree of stability? Of origin? It should be clear from the previous description that a phraseologi- cal unit is a complex phenomenon with a number of important fea- tures, which can therefore be approached from different points of view. Hence, there exist a considerable number of different classifica- tion systems devised by different scholars and based on different prin- ciples. The traditional and oldest principle for classifying phraseological units is based on their original content and might be alluded to as "thematic" (although the term is not universally accepted). The ap- proach is widely used in numerous English and American guides to idiom, phrase books, etc. On this principle, idioms are classified ac- cording to their sources of origin, "source" referring to the particular sphere of human activity, of life of nature, of natural phenomena, etc. So, L. P. Smith gives in his classification groups of idioms used by 242 sailors, fishermen, soldiers, hunters and associated with the realia, phenomena and conditions of their occupations. In Smith's classifica- tion we also find groups of idioms associated with domestic and wild animals and birds, agriculture and cooking. There are also numerous idioms drawn from sports, arts, etc. This principle of classification is sometimes called "etymologi- cal". The term does not seem appropriate since we usually mean something different when we speak of the etymology of a word or word-group: whether the word (or word-group) is native or borrowed, and, if the latter, what is the source of borrowing. It is true that Smith makes a special study of idioms borrowed from other languages, but that is only a relatively small part of his classification system. The general principle is not etymological. Smith points out that word-groups associated with the sea and the life of seamen are especially numerous in English vocabulary. Most of them have long since developed metaphorical meanings which have no longer any association with the sea or sailors. Here are some examples. Download 0.88 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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