Microsoft Word Chapter 1 done doc

participants were working alone (75%) they stopped and left 
the room to report the problem. When three people were 
there in the room, only 38% reacted to the smoke. Even 
after smoke became so thick that it was difficult to work, only 
62% percent continued to work on the questionnaire and 
failed to make any response to smoke filled room. This 
study showed that the presence of others inhibited a 
response even when it meant risking their life. 
The inhibiting effect is less, especially, when group consists 
of friends because friends are more likely to communicate 
about what is happening, (Rutkowski, Ciruder & Romer 
1983). The inhibiting effect is less if people are from small 
town, when they are more likely to know each other.
Similarly, this inhibiting effect in still lesser under the 
influence of alcohol because anxiety about reactions of other 
and fear of doing wrong is reduced under the effect of 
alcohol, as a consequence, helping behaviour is more likely 
to be seen (Nitchlow & Liu 1985). 
3) 
Deciding that it is your responsibility to provide help : 
Building catches a fine, cards collide, in this situation 

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responsibilities are clearly indicated. Fireman, policeman, 
etc., take the lead. But when the responsibility is not clear, 
people assume that someone must take responsibility. But 
when no one is present, the lone bystander has to take the 
responsibility. 
4) 
Deciding that you have the necessary knowledge and 
skills to act : Prosocial behaviour cannot occur unless a 
person knows how to become helpful. Some emergencies 
are sufficiently simple; almost everyone knows how to 
become helpful. But when emergencies require a special 
help only some of the bystander can be of help. e.g. Good 
swimmer can help a person, who is drowning or a doctor can 
help patient with heart problem.