Microsoft Word Chapter 1 done doc

Check Your Progress : I 
1. Fill in the blanks : 
a. The study of how we form impressions of and make 
inferences about other people is called as --------------. 
b. The way in which people communicate, intentionally or 
unintentionally, without words is known as -------------.
2. List the various channels of nonverbal communication. 
5.4 DARWIN’S THEORY OF UNIVERSAL FACIAL 
EXPRESSIONS OF EMOTION : 
How do we convey our emotions to others? One obvious 
way we have of doing this is by making specific facial expressions. 
We smile when we are happy, we frown when angry, and we may 
appear tearful when sad. It is remarkable that relatively small 
movements of the facial musculature can alter dramatically the 
emotion which we display to others. Our ability to both make and 
recognise different facial expressions is an indication of an 
extremely vital social skill. Investigators from a number of fields of 
psychology have been interested in facial expressions of emotion. 
Social psychologists studying person perception have often 
focused on the face. Recent research is examining the relative 
weight given to the face as compared to other sources of 
information, the relationship between encoding and decoding, and 
individual differences. 
Charles Darwin was the first to suggest that the main facial 
expressions are universal. In “The Expression of the Emotions in 

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Man and Animals” (1872), he examined the facial behaviour of 
nonhuman primates in order to find out about the origins of 
expressions in man. He chose this comparison with primates for 
they were the closest relatives to the ancestors of man and had to 
be therefore similar to them. According to his belief in the principles 
of evolution, they could therefore give a clue about the origins and 
development of facial movements. His findings were based on his 
own observations as well as on the observations of zookeepers. 
The result was that some facial expressions of nonhuman primates 
are similar to those of man including the expressions of anger, 
happiness and sadness. Although they share these expressions, 
they do not always have the same function in primate and man. For 
example, is the expression of happiness in man a development of 
the grimace that monkeys have used to signalise fear.
It interesting to note that he not only described the various 
different emotional expressions in man and animals in detail, but 
also attempted to explain the reason for the association of a