Microsoft Word Glossary March 2011 doc

Oral fluency – being able to speak using connected speech at a natural speed with little hesitation, repetition 
or self-correction. In spoken fluency activities, learners typically give attention to the communication of 
meaning, rather than trying to be correct.
 
Written fluency – being able to write in a clear and confident way. In a written fluency activity, learners give 
attention to the content and ideas of the text rather than trying to be correct.
See accuracy. 
 
Focus on 
To pay attention to something, to notice something, to highlight something. 
 
Focus on form 
Paying attention to the words/parts of words that make a language structure or to spelling or pronunciation.  
 
Form
The form of a grammatical structure is the way it is written or pronounced and the parts which combine to make it, e.g. 
the present perfect (grammatical structure) is made up of have + past participle (the form). 
 
Formal assessment: see assessment. 
 
Formal language 
Language used in formal conversations or writing, e.g. Yours faithfully. See informal language and register. 
 
Formality (level of): see register. 
 
Formative assessment: see assessment. 
 
Fossilisation
The process in which incorrect language becomes a habit and cannot easily be corrected. See error. 
 
Fossilised error: see error. 
 
Freer practice, free practice: see practice. 
 
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Fricative
A sound produced by creating friction in the air flow e.g. / f / , / â / , / Ω / , / h / , / Ü / 
 
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Fronting
Putting part of a sentence or utterance in a non standard position at the beginning of a 
sentence/utterance, usually to emphasise the topic e.g. ‘That music, I can’t stand it’.