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3.2 Integrity
The agri-food industry regarding precision agriculture has moved tremendously 
into smart farming. Massive sensors are been built both in crop and livestock sectors 
respectively. Of vital importance, is the collection of data, and its exploitation is considered 
a valuable tool in assisting real time farming and livestock decisions. Because of the quick 
pace precision agriculture has adopted robotics, machine learning, edge computing, 
equipment automation, there has been a sharp increase to threats of data integrity like has 
never been seen in the agri-food industry. This is to be taken seriously. 
3.2.1 Rogue data introduction into network 
Smart sensor implementation is deepest in crops like vegetables, fruits and nuts. 
These sensors are connected through blue tooth, WI-FI networks, cellular and they mostly 

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rely on edge computing in making decision at the source. Rogue data introduction could 
result in faulty sensors, which could bring about under or over watering of crops, in the 
process, destroying the crops. The same also applies to livestock herds been managed in 
farm buildings. In this scenario faulty sensors could disrupt HVAC systems, that could 
result to adverse health conditions that could result to death of the animals. 
3.2.2 Falsification of data to disrupt both crop and livestock 
An unapproved genetic modification can cause massive economic disruption, real 
impact on food security, complex foreign trade issues. It does take quite some time and 
huge resources to confirm and control disease outbreak in livestock. It is done through field 
and laboratory work. A malicious hacker can manipulate critical data that can wipe out a 
whole herd through disease outbreak. Same scenario applies to crop as well through 
improper mixing of GMO products into the supply chain, which can result to crop diseases 
and destruction.