Microsoft Word Ochilov Ilhom Sayitkulovich

particular, this figure was higher than the average 
of 5.5% in 2000-2020 compared to previous 
years, and in 2020 it was 2.8%. In recent years, 
there has been a downward trend in the share of 
agricultural GDP in the country's GDP. 
According to the State Statistics Committee of 
the Republic of Uzbekistan, in 2000 the share of 
agriculture in GDP was 34.4%, in 2020 this 
figure decreased to 28.2% (Table 2). 
In 2018, the share of agriculture in 
Uzbekistan's GDP was 30.0%. In 2018, 53.2% of 
agricultural production was plant products, 
46.8% were livestock products. In 2017, 3.7 
million people were employed in agriculture 
(27.2% of the total number of employed). Almost 
half of the country’s population lives in rural 
areas. 
In 2020, the share of agriculture, forestry 
and fisheries in GDP was 28.2%, with 
agricultural growth of 2.9%, fisheries growth of 
19.8% and forestry growth of 1.7%. In 2020, the 
total volume of agricultural, forestry and fishery 
products (services) amounted to 260.3 trillion 
soums, an increase of 3% compared to the 
corresponding period of 2019. Correspondingly, 
the sector grew 3.1 percent in 2019. 
Nevertheless, the prices of basic foodstuffs 
continue to rise. 
If we look at the analysis of food exports 
in the country in 2000-2020, over the past years, 
the volume of food products in Uzbekistan has 
increased in proportion to the growth of exports 
(Table 3). 
In 2000, the country exported a total of 
3108.3 thousand US dollars, of which 3%, or 
food products worth 95.5 thousand US dollars. 
By 2020, a total of 15,102.3 thousand US dollars 
worth of products were exported, of which 9%, 
or 1,336.2 thousand US dollars were exported. 
The volume of food exports is growing from year 
to year, in particular, the share of food exports in 
the total volume of exports is an average of 6%.
Table 3 
Export of food products in the 
republic * 
(thousand US dollars)
Yea
r 
Total 
exports in 
Uzbekista
n 
(thousand 
US 
dollars) 
Food 
exports 
(thousan
d US 
dollars) 
The share 
of food 
exports in 
total 
exports of 
Uzbekista
n (in%) 
2000
3108,3 
95,5 
3 
2002
2925,3 
74,3 
3 
2004
3720,6 
107,2 
3 
2006
6300,0 
398,7 
6 
2008
11391,0 
443,4 
4 
2010
12804,9 
1056,2 
8 
2012
13455,4 
736,9 
5 
2014
13532,0 
1631,2 
12 
2016
12078,4 
644,9 
5 
2018
13990,4 
1029,9 
7 
2020
15102,3 
1336,2 
9 
MEDIUM: 
6 

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1140 
*
Author's development on the basis of data of the 
State Statistics Committee of the Republic of 
Uzbekistan 
Today, more than 80 types of agricultural 
products grown in our country are exported to 66 
countries around the world. In 2010, cotton fiber 
accounted for 11.3% of exports, but by 2018 this 
figure had dropped to 1.6%. At the same time, 
the lack of a systematic system of effective 
market 
mechanisms, 
especially 
in 
the 
development of fruit and vegetable growing and 
viticulture in the industry, the lack of a scientific 
approach leads to underutilization of the existing 
potential of the industry. According to estimates, 
there is an opportunity to earn 7 times more from 
grapes, 6 times more from cherries and 5 times 
more from walnuts than from raw cotton grown 
on 1 hectare. 
Among the existing risks for agriculture 
in Uzbekistan in 2020 are the difficulties 
associated with the export of local fruit and 
vegetable products. Over the past three years, 
exports of these products have grown from $ 570 
million to $ 1.3 billion. However, the purchasing 
power of the population in Russia and 
Kazakhstan, the main importers of local 
vegetables and fruits, is expected to decline, as 
well as the demand for these products due to the 
devaluation of their national currencies. In many 
cases, the sale of Uzbek agricultural products at 
lower prices than those of competitors, such as in 
Turkey and Chile, could lead to a relative 
increase in demand for fruits and vegetables 
grown in Uzbekistan in 2020. 
Despite a number of achievements, there 
are many untapped opportunities for the agro-
industrial sector to become a market and export-
oriented economy, increase production and 
processing, increase farmers' incomes, create 
new jobs, ensure food security and sustainable 
use of natural resources. available. 
Although scientific research on the socio-
economic development of the agricultural sector 
has been conducted, the organizational and 
economic mechanisms of the agricultural sector 
in the context of global, green and digital 
economies and prospects for improving their 
efficiency, including the theory and practice of 
innovation management have not been 
adequately studied. 
The more industrialized the agricultural 
sector, the higher the export potential of the state, 
the more jobs will be created in rural areas, the 
better off the people will be. In addition, today's 
topical issue of food security requires the rational 
use of natural and material resources, the 
widespread introduction of resource-saving 
(water-saving, high-yield) technologies, seeds, 
biotechnology, science and innovation. . 
From this point of view, since 2017, 
modern forms of production - cluster and 
cooperative system - are being rapidly introduced 
in the agricultural sector of the country to create 
an 
infrastructure 
based 
on 
advanced 
technologies. 
In Uzbekistan, too, the successful 
establishment and operation of regional agro-
clusters will increase public confidence in 
economic policy. It is no coincidence that 
confidence in this regard is high in the United 
States and Europe. Because in these areas, the 
state will form clusters that will plant "seedlings 
of trust" for small and medium-sized businesses, 
and will provide full support. Eventually, their 
clusters have already become a source of trust 
and a business incubator. This idea can also be 
explained by the fact that they have very few, if 
any, barriers to accessing the cluster compared to 
all other places. 

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1141 
During 2017-2021, 5 decrees, 8 
resolutions and 9 Government decrees of the 
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan were 
adopted on the introduction of market 
mechanisms in the agricultural sector and the 
creation of an effective management system in 
the sector. The state order in the cultivation of 
cotton and grain was abolished, and market 
principles were introduced to ensure free 
competition in agriculture. 
2020 of the President of the Republic of 
Uzbekistan 
Resolutions No. PQ-4633 of March 6 "On 
measures for the widespread introduction of 
market principles in the cotton sector" and No. 
PP-4634 "On measures for the widespread 
introduction of market principles in the 
cultivation, purchase and sale of grain" has 
launched an entirely new phase in the field of the 
introduction of mechanisms. 
In the past short period, we can see in the 
results that this system has justified itself in every 
way. 
In particular, in 2017-2021, a system of 
clusters will be widely introduced in all sectors, 
including 463 agro-clusters (122 cotton and 
textile, 1,033.8 thousand ha (3 million tons 
100%), 157 grain, 1,038.1 thousand ha (7 , 2 
million tons, 100%), 146 fruits and vegetables, 
116 thousand ha (1 million 567 thousand tons, 
9%), 29 rice 21.1 thousand ha (98.7 thousand 
tons 16.5%) 
1,406 ha of land were attached to 9 
pharmaceutical clusters). 
Cotton and textile clusters alone have 
attracted a total of $ 1.411 billion in investments 
in 2018-2020. In particular, in the field of 
primary processing of cotton for 27 projects 
worth 115 million dollars with a capacity of 1169 
thousand tons, 41 yarn production projects with 
a capacity of 548 thousand tons for 831 million 
dollars, 34 fabric production and dyeing projects 
with a capacity of 161 thousand tons. $ 234 
million, $ 234 million was involved in 23 
knitwear (sewing) projects with a capacity of 
148,000 tons. 
In 18 of the existing clusters (14.7%) 
there are 5 stages of cotton processing, in 22 
(18%) 4 stages, in 30 (24.5%) 3 stages, in 36 
(29.5%) 2 stages and 16 stages (13.3%) covered 
1 stage (100% share in total cotton processing). 
Grain clusters produce 538 thousand tons 
of flour per year (18% of total flour production), 
263.8 thousand tons of mixed fodder, 54.3 
thousand tons of bakery products, 221.0 tons of 
fruit and vegetable clusters. modern refrigerated 
warehouses with a capacity of 68 thousand tons, 
processing 683.2 thousand tons (share in the total 
processing of fruits and vegetables 24.4%), 
sorting 84.0 thousand tons, packaging 44.0 
thousand tons, 53.0 thousand tons product drying 
facilities were commissioned. 
18.5% of gross agricultural output is 
produced by agro-clusters. 
As a result of this work, more than 
152,000 new jobs have been created in the 
regions over the past 5 years.