Microsoft Word Revised Syllabus Ver doc

Translation in India
The antiquity and richness of a language can be known by the quantum of literary 
works that have been translated into languages. If an assessment of number of Indian works 
translated into world languages is more it would help us to estimate our literary heritage.
Though Tamil is the source language of the Tirukkural its fame came to light only 
after G.U. Pope translated it into English with all its salient features. In the same way 
Kalidasa's epic "Sa:kuntalam" was translated from Sanskrit in 1789. Literary piece Geetha-
Govindha was also translated into English. P.C. Roy contributed much to the translation of 
Mahabharatam from Bengali to English. In 1869 with the help of the donations and scholars, 
he translated Kesarimohan Ganguli's Mahabharatam into English in two volumes. Translation 
was done vigorously in the earlier part of 19th and 20th centuries. In the middle of 20th 
century Indian verses, plays, novels, short stories were translated into English and the 
published versions were distributed to the public at affordable prices. Most of the 
publications of Indian literary translation were undertaken by the British and American 
scholars.
Most of the works that were translated from Indian languages into Western languages 
were non-secular in nature. By the end of this century (ie) from 1960-70, approximately 40 
Indian writers have translated literary works from eleven Indian languages into English.
The works of Thakazhi Sivashankaran Pillai in Malayalam, Shivarama Karanth in 
Kannada, Agyeya in Hindi have been mostly translated into English. In 1879 Telangs had 
translated and published Bhagavat Geetha into Englsih. In the reverse direction, many 
English literary works were also translated into Indian languages. Foreign publishers 
particularly Macmillan and other companies published many Indian literary works like 
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyayi's "Vishamaram" (The poison tree) - 1884, Durkesh 
Nandhini -1890, Kapal Kundala -1885, Krishna Kantha's Will-1895, Two Rings - 1987. 
Three of the above works have been translated by the English and two by the Indians.

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