Microwave antenna

E) DIELECTRIC (LENS) ANTENNAS Cont

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MICROWAVE ANTENNA

Requires a specific wavelength due to its thicness.
Its usage is not practical as compared to the stepped or zoned dielectric lens antenna which has different path for different wavelength.

Used to reduced the lens thickness and to decrese the curveture of the spherical wave.

A patch antenna is a narrowband, wide-beam antenna.
Fabricated by etching the antenna element pattern in metal trace bonded to an insulating dielectric substrate, such as a printed circuit board, with a continuous metal layer bonded to the opposite side of the substrate which forms a ground plane.
Microstrip antenna shapes :- ex : square, rectangular, circular and elliptical
Some patch antennas do not use a dielectric substrate and instead made of a metal patch mounted above a ground plane using dielectric spacers; the resulting structure is less rugged but has a wider bandwidth.

Microstrip antenna a very low profile, are mechanically rugged and can be shaped to conform to the curving skin of a vehicle, they are often mounted on the exterior of aircraft and spacecraft, or are incorporated into mobile radio communications devices.

High accuracy in manufacturing , the design is executed by Photo etching.
Easy to integrate with other devices.
An array of microstrip antennas can be used to form a pattern that is difficult to synthesize using a single element.
We can obtain high directivity using microstrip arrays.
Have a main radiating edge , this makes it useful for mobile Phones to avoid radiation inside the device .
Small sized applicable for handheld portable communication.
Smart antennas when combined with phase shifters .

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