Minds and Computers : An Introduction to the Philosophy of Artificial Intelligence

consequent
the right-hand side of a conditional.
counter-example
an interpretation which shows that an inference
form is not valid by showing that it is possible for all the premises
to be true while the conclusion is false.
decidable
a property of some formal systems such that there is an
e
ffective procedure for determining, of any given state of the
system, whether or not it is generated.
deduction
an inference which appeals to some logical principle, such
as modus ponens.
212
  

---

derivation
a proof that a particular state of some formal system is
generated which demonstrates the required sequence of applic-
ations of the rules of the system.
deterministic
a property of some formal systems such that, at most,
one rule will apply to any given state and in only one way.
diphthong
a sonorant phoneme whose production requires move-
ment of the tongue from one cardinal vowel position to another.
distinctive contrast
two phones display distinctive contrast – and are
thereby distinct phonemes – i
ff the substitution of one phone for
another results in a change of meaning.
dualism, Cartesian
the philosophical theory of mind – otherwise
known as interactionist dualism, according to which the mind and
body are composed of distinct substances which interact with each
other.
dualism, substance
an ontological view according to which the uni-
verse is composed of two distinct substances – physical and non-
physical, or material and immaterial.