Ministry of development of information technologies and communications of the republic of uzbekistan
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Supercomputer
[ edit ] Main article: Supercomputer A supercomputer is superficially similar to a mainframe but is instead intended for extremely demanding computational tasks. As of November 2021, the fastest supercomputer on the TOP500 supercomputer list is Fugaku , in Japan, with a LINPACK benchmark score of 415 PFLOPS, superseding the second fastest, Summit , in the United States, by around 294 PFLOPS. The term supercomputer does not refer to a specific technology. Rather it indicates the fastest computations available at any given time. In mid-2011, the fastest supercomputers boasted speeds exceeding one petaflop, or 1 quadrillion (10^15 or 1,000 trillion) floating-point operations per second. Supercomputers are fast but extremely costly, so they are generally used by large organizations to execute computationally demanding tasks involving large data sets. Supercomputers typically run military and scientific applications. Although costly, they are also being used for commercial applications where huge amounts of data must be analyzed. For example, large banks employ supercomputers to calculate the risks and returns of various investment strategies, and healthcare organizations use them to analyze giant databases of patient data to determine optimal treatments for various diseases and problems incurring to the country. Hardware upgrade [ edit ] When using computer hardware, an upgrade means adding new or additional hardware to a computer that improves its performance, increases its capacity, or adds new features. For example, a user could perform a hardware upgrade to replace the hard drive with a faster one or a Solid State Drive (SSD) to get a boost in performance. The user may also install more Random Access Memory (RAM) so the computer can store additional temporary data, or retrieve such data at a faster rate. The user may add a USB 3.0 expansion card to fully use USB 3.0 devices, or could upgrade the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) for cleaner, more advanced graphics, or more monitors . Performing such hardware upgrades may be necessary for aged computers to meet a new, or updated program's system requirements. In large organizations, hardware upgrades are handled by administrators who are also in charge of keeping networks running smoothly. They replace network devices like servers , routers and storage devices based on new demands and capacities. Sales [ edit ] Global revenue from computer hardware in 2023 reached $705.17 billion dollars [17] Recycling [ edit ] Main article: Computer recycling Because computer parts contain hazardous materials, there is a growing movement to recycle old and outdated parts. [18] Computer hardware contain dangerous chemicals such as lead, mercury, nickel, and cadmium. According to the EPA these e-wastes have a harmful effect on the environment unless they are disposed of properly. Making hardware requires energy, and recycling parts will reduce air pollution , water pollution, as well as greenhouse gas emissions. [19] Disposing unauthorized computer equipment is in fact illegal. Legislation makes it mandatory to recycle computers through the government approved facilities. Recycling a computer can be made easier by taking out certain reusable parts. For example, the RAM , DVD drive, the graphics card , hard drive or SSD , and other similar removable parts can be reused. Many materials used in computer hardware can be recovered by recycling for use in future production. Reuse of tin , silicon , iron , aluminium , and a variety of plastics that are present in bulk in computers or other electronics can reduce the costs of constructing new systems. Components frequently contain copper , gold , tantalum , [20][21] silver , platinum , palladium , and lead as well as other valuable materials suitable for reclamation. [22][23] Download 1.02 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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