Ministry of development of information technologies and communications of the republic of uzbekistan
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MINISTRY OF DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND COMMUNICATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN KARSHI BRANCH OF TASHKENT UNIVERSITY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES NAMED AFTER MUHAMMAD AL-KHOREZMI Practical Tack 2 and self stady 2 Bajardi; Mizrobov.I Qabul qildi; Qarshiyeva.T Hardware devices; includes the physical parts of a computer , such as the case , central processing unit (CPU), random access memory (RAM) , monitor , mouse , keyboard , computer data storage , graphics card , sound card , speakers and motherboard . [1][2] By contrast, software is the set of instructions that can be stored and run by hardware. Hardware is so-termed because it is " hard " or rigid with respect to changes, whereas software is "soft" because it is easy to change. Hardware is typically directed by the software to execute any command or instruction . A combination of hardware and software forms a usable computing system, although other systems exist with only hardware. Von Neumann architecture [ edit ] Main articles: Von Neumann architecture and Stored-program computer Von Neumann architecture scheme The template for all modern computers is the Von Neumann architecture , detailed in a 1945 paper by Hungarian mathematician John von Neumann . This describes a design architecture for an electronic digital computer with subdivisions of a processing unit consisting of an arithmetic logic unit and processor registers , a control unit containing an instruction register and program counter , a memory to store both data and instructions , external mass storage , and input and output mechanisms. [3] The meaning of the term has evolved to mean a stored- program computer in which an instruction fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time because they share a common bus . This is referred to as the Von Neumann bottleneck and often limits the performance of the system. [4] Types of computer systems [ edit ] Download 1.02 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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