Ministry of education and training university of danang nguyễn thị ngọc diệP

and raging storms” can be elaborated as “Amidst” itself means: In 
the middle of something, especially something causing excitement or 
fear. So, the ‘gathering clouds and the raging storms’ 
metaphorically refer to the state of strong feeling of sadness, anxiety 
by American people about the bad socio- economic of recent time.
4.1.9. State is a Motion Over a Landscape 
(4.36) “These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data 
and statistics. Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of 
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confidence across our land – a nagging fear that America’s decline 
is inevitable, that the next generation must lower its sights”.
[8] 
In the metaphorical expression, the part which plays role as 
source domain is the phrase “Across our land” whereas the target 
domain is “A sapping confidence”. According to Lakoff’s 
conceptual metaphor the manner of action is manner of motion 
towards a landscape. Forces which affecting action are forces 
affecting motion. Progress made is distance traveled or distance from 
goal. 
4.2. REPETITION IN OBAMA’S SPEECHES 
4.2.1. Repetition of Words
4.2.1.1. Anaphora 
(4.47) “ I believe that we can give our middle class relief … 
I believe we can provide jobs for the jobless … I believe that we have 
a righteous wind at our backs."
[27] 
In example (4.47), the words “believe” was repeated to make 
the hearers/ readers get the belief of themselves to overcome all their 
difficulties which now confront them. 
4.2.1.2. Epiphora 
Another device Obama often used is Epiphora (also known 
as Antistrophe) – the ending of successive clauses and sentences 
with the same words.
(4.50) “That is in Israel’s interest, Palestine’s interest, 
America’s interest, and the world’s interest.
[56] 
Here, the words “interest” was intentionally repeated. In this 
speech, the president was discussing about the conflict between Israel 
and Palestine and he wanted them to live in peace and security and 
that was the hope of the people all over the world, so the words 

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“interest” was repeated four times to highlight its importance and to 
make a good effect on the hearers/ the readers.