I thought he must have said something to you about it.-not a word.
1 TheRussiantermsare двуставные and одноставные предложения
2. А.А.Шахматов, Синтаксис русского языка.М,,1941,стр.49-50
3.Axis [ ]pl.axes [ ] ось
4.M.Y.Blokh, A course in theoretical English grammar.M.,1983.p.275
The response utterance is a one-axis sentence with the predicate-axis partially expressed by the object and the subject-axis together with the verbal part of the predicate-axis implied: He said not a word to me.
Glad to see you after all these years! The sentence a one-axis unit with the predicate-axis expressed and the subject-axis implied as a form of familiarity: I am glad to see you after all these years.
All the cited examples belong to “elliptical” types of utterances in so far as they possess quite definite “vacant” positions or zero-positions capable of being supplied with the corresponding fillers implicit in the situational contexts.
The one-axis sentence used by the heroin from the passage S.Maugham’s short story “Appearance and reality”:”Brute”, screamed Lisette.
The one-axis sentence used by the heroine does imply the you-subject and can be expanded into two-axis one “you are a brute”, “you brute”.
Summing up about the one-axis sentences we must stress the two things: first, they form a minor set within the general system of English sentence patterns; second, they all are related to two-axis sentences either by direct or by indirect association.
Infinitive sentences.
The infinitive sentences is a one-member sentence with an infinitive as main part Infinitive sentence may be of two kinds, one type is represented by a sentence always exclamatory, in which the infinitive with the particle “to”, stands at the beginning of the sentence and the general meaning of sentence is strong feeling on the part of the speaker, who either wishes the thing expressed in the sentence to happen or else is enraptured (восхищать) by the fact that it is happening already. E.g. Oh, to be in England, Now that April is there, and whoever wakes in England, sees some morning…
The sentence is of course a complex one but the point is that the main clause is of the type we have just described. The exclamatory character is a necessary part of its characteristic.
Another type of infinitive sentence is an interrogative sentence beginning with the adverb why followed by an infinitive without particle to, and sometimes preceded by the particle not, e.g. Why not give your friends the same pleasure?
If would not be right to treat such sentences as elliptical, with the auxiliary verb and the pronoun you as subject omitted.
Elliptical sentences.
By Elliptical sentences (неполныепредложения) we mean sentences with one or more of their parts left out which can be inferred (-подразумевать, выводитьзаключение)from the context.
Elliptical sentences may freely be changed to complete sentences: Nobody in the room- there was nobody in the room.
The main sphere of elliptical sentences is of course dialogue: it is here that one or more parts of a sentence are left out because they are either to be supplied from the preceding sentence or may be easily dispensed with. Charlie-leave you asked her yet?
Captain Brown-not often enough.
It is clear here that the answer means: I have, but not often enough.
The missing part of an elliptical sentence may be supplied: I sat near the window, he-near the door. I ran after him, but he-over the garden wall.
The missing part of an elliptical sentence may be supplied by means of intonation:
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
