Ministry of higher and secondary

GERUND

Gerund (Gerund) is a non-personal form of the verb, expresses the name of the action and has both the properties of the verb and the properties of the noun.
It is formed from an infinitive without a particle to the addition of the –ing
ending. In Uzbek, the corresponding category is absent.
The name "gerund" comes from the Latin verb "gerere" – xarakat q’ilmoq’.
Through gerund, the fulfillment, fulfillment of an action, its process is expressed:

−understanding-tushunish; −studying-oqish;

−testing-test topshirish.
Gerund can have complex forms:

−being tested (Indefinite Passive); −having tested (Perfect Active);

−having been tested (Perfect Passive).
Gerund is often used with prepositions, this shows its similarity with a noun. As a rule, gerund is not difficult to understand and translate if its function is determined.

11. FUNCTIONS OF GERUND IN THE SENTENCE

Gerund may be: a) Subject:
e.g. Using this technique was a difficult task. Using this technique was not easy.

2. 
   The nominal part of the compound predicate:
   

e.g. Complications occurring after extraction are bleeding and dry socket (an acute inflammation of the bone lining the socket). Complications that appear after removal are bleeding and a dry hole (acute inflammation of the bone lining the hole in the tooth).

2. 
   Part of a compound verb predicate (after the verbs to begin, to start, to continue, to go on, to finish, to stop, etc.):
   

e. g. All teeth start developing inside the jaws and their arrival in the mouth is known as eruption.
All teeth begin to develop inside the jaw and their appearance in the oral cavity is called teething.

2. 
   Addition:
   

e.g. His assistant took part in operating.
His assistant took part in the operation. e) Circumstances:
e.g. All the patients required multiple blood transfusions while awaiting transplantation.
All patients required multiple blood transfusions in preparation for transplantation.
f) By definition:

7. 
   The danger of perforating was great. The danger of perforation was great.