Ministry of higher education, science and

 
2.2. Descendants of the adventure genre in American novels 
 
American literature
is literature that has been produced in the 
United States and 
its preceding colonies
. Prior to the formation of U.S. as a nation, American literature 
was Post American Revolution, writers in the United States started developing a 
style that was
 unique
and 
distinctly different from that in Britain
. 
William Hill 
Brown
first American novel
. In late 19th century, 
Mark Twain
became a giant in not 
only American but world literature. 
His style changed the way Americans write their 
language
. The United States produced some of the best known and critically 
acclaimed novelists of the 20th century including 
Ernest Hemingway, John 
Steinbeck
and 
William Faulkner
. 
Experience in the Second World War
was captured 
by American writers like
 Joseph Heller 
and 
J. D. Salinger
in 
unusual and 
captivating novels
while African American writer
 Toni Morrison
achieved 
outstanding success in the 
second half of the 20th century
by writing novels that 
explored black identity in the U.S.
5
Here is our list of the best American novelists and their most famous works: 
5
https://www.theguardian.com/books/booksblog/2012/jul/23/great-american-novelist-tournament-final-32 

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13 
JACK LONDON
Deserted by his father, John Griffith London was raised 
by his mother and step father. At the age of 14, he quit 
school to escape poverty. He bought a sloop and became 
an oyster pirate, a person who engages in the poaching 
of oysters. After many experiences as a hobo and a sailor, 
he returned to Oakland and attended Oakland High 
School. At the age of 19, he entered the University of 
California, Berkeley. However, he had to quit after a year 
due to lack of finances. In 1897, London sailed to join 
the Klondike Gold Rush. His struggles there inspired his famous short story, “To 
Build a Fire”. Unsuccessful, London returned and decided to earn a living as a 
writer. Within a couple of years, he began to gain an audience for his fresh subject 
matter. Jack London went on to become an international celebrity and the highest-
paid writer in the United States at that time. A pioneer of commercial fiction, he was 
also an innovator in the science fiction genre. His novels The Call of the 
Wild and White Fang are regarded as among the best works in adventure fiction. 
FAMOUS NOVELS:-