Ministry of higher education, science and

NOVEL
YEAR 
The Grapes of Wrath 
1939 
Of Mice and Men 
1937 
East of Eden 
1952 

 

---

17 
CONCLUSION 
Works written in the direction of adventure were the first in which literature began 
to form it has been very popular since time immemorial. And as a reason for this, 
the primitive human many dangerous conflicts that have occurred in his life, 
problems with the climate, displacement situations are brought. These situations that 
occur in life can be attributed to the human mind impenetrable. They began to be 
reflected in literature. In particular, we will clearly witness this in so many types of 
folk oral creativity. Epics focusing on the plot, the main factor in the formation of 
the character of the heroes as we see the direction of adventure. Characters during 
their adventures having certain experiences, he matures. 
 

---

18 
CHAPTER 3. The works of the masters of the adventure genre 
3.1. Adventure details in Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe 
 
Daniel Defoe. Daniel Defoe was born in 
London in 1660, the son of a butcher called James 
Foe (Daniel later changed his name to Defoe, 
because it was a more fashionable name). He went to 
a church school, and then went into business, buying 
and selling different things, and travelling all over 
Europe. He fought against one king Games II), and 
later joined the army of another king (William III). 
He went to prison twice because he wrote clever 
booklets against the church and the government. He travelled a lot, worked as aspy, 
started his own newspaper, and has more than 500 pieces of writing to his name - 
more than any other writer in the English language. It was a very full, busy, and 
exciting life. He died in 1731, in Ropemaker's Alley, London.When he was nearly 
sixty years old, he began to write No vels. These include Captain Singleton, Moll 
Flanders, and Roxana, but he is remembered best today for Robinson Crusoe. This 
was his first novel, written in 1719, and it was an immediate success. Defoe used the 
true story of a sailor called Alexander Selkirk, who was left by pirates on Juan 
Fernandez, a small island in the Pacific Ocean. He lived there alone for four years, 
and was rescued by a ship in 1709. Many people call Robinson Crusoe the first 
English novel. It appears in many different languages, films are made of it, and the 
story of Crusoe on his island is still enjoyed today by both children and adults all 
over the world
6
. 
The novels “Robinson Crusoe” and “Moll Flanders” by Daniel Defoe (1660-
1731), a major exponent of English literature, are considered to be classics that 
began a new direction in world literature. The author became especially involved in 
6
Defoe", 
The Oxford Companion to English Literature
, ed. Margaret Drabble. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 
1996), p. 265. 

---

19 
eternity with his work “Robinson Crusoe”. Through this work, watered with the 
spirit of the Enlightenment, the writer fulfilled the enormous task of laying the 
foundation for the social realistic romanticism of the 19th century. Defoe's tradition 
of Romanticism was developed by such famous writers as Henry Fielding, George 
Smollett, Charles Dickens. 
Today's reader can imagine that adib, who created the famous novel "Robinson 
Crusoe", lived his whole life inside shonu fame. Was it actually? This question 
interests everyone. 
We all know that "Robinson Crusoe" is among the masterpieces of artistry, which 
are loved not only by children, but also by adults. It is noteworthy that the ideas of 
the Enlightenment of England developed in common with the Enlightenment of 
Germany. We also see this in the work of the great German poet Goethe. Daniel 
Defoe artistically expressed the ideas of the era as a representative of his 
contemporary, his class. The writer took the field as a harbinger of the progressive 
worldview of his contemporaries. 
Robinson's life on a deserted island, the resourcefulness, courage, will, the pain of 
overcoming hardships inherent in the creator man are described in the novel with 
great artistic skill. The work sounds like a labor anthem. It is this talent that bois 
Robinson Crusoe retains his humanity. This is exactly what the attractiveness, 
instructive qualities and educational significance of this literary hero is. The creative 
achievement of the writer is the skillful absorption of specific events in the novel 
into art. Labor is cited as a leading factor in Robinson's ability to maintain the image 
of humanity for years on a deserted island in extremely difficult conditions when he 
is in a state of crisis. 
Daniel Defoe is a pen owner who, according to researchers, wrote about 400 
publicistic articles, pamphlets. These works have been translated into many world 

---

20 
languages. Created with the creative Fantasy Power of defo, these works are an 
example of extraordinary phenomenon and unparalleled courage for their 
countrymen. 
The author himself also went through countless hardships in life. Nevertheless, with 
perseverance and endurance, he managed to overcome difficulties and achieve his 
goals. Defoe was England's first professional journalist, a newspaper editor who 
could influence others with his political views, and a well-informed writer about the 
mysteries surrounding the government's most responsible persons. However, due to 
the complex conditions, brutal social and political battles, he could not fully fulfill 
his goals. Political unrest and malfunctions, disputes and Discord, became entangled 
in the intrigues of the palace, but continued to publish his books about life events 
that interested his contemporaries. 
Throughout his life, Defoe has expressed his attitude towards the acute political and 
international issues of his time, whether openly, or secretly, under various 
pseudonyms, without ceasing to publish pamphlets. He finished scientific works, 
pamphlets on philosophy and Law, trade, wrote articles, guides, manuals, reference 
books, programs on how to behave among the public and the Community, finished 
poems on art, published his thoughts on the history of hand crafts and other similar 
fields of peat. 
The works that Defoe announces without naming themselves also constitute an 
amazing library. Defo uses a means of narrating the account of events in them on 
behalf of the heroes of the work. Accordingly, his books evoke the impression that 
they were written as if by sailors, merchants, thieves and Cossacks, court 
conspirators, adventurers of all kinds. 
Defoe was arrested for his pamphlets and political activities, and on 31 July 1703 
was tied to the “pillar of the promised”. A poem he wrote, “Hymn of the pillar of 

---

21 
Isnod”, before a civil judgment aimed at disgracing him was carried out is widely 
circulated among the people. In it, Defoe had a bold mind on the need to lose, expose 
apostates who had returned from religion. To Defoe, which is envisaged to be 
Sharmisor, the people scatter flowers, raise a goblet for his health. 
In 1704, Defoe began to take an active part in a periodical called the “review of 
French Affairs”. This public newspaper stood out until 1713. It was one of the first 
publications to cover serious political and economic topics in England. The writer 
later became an editor for other newspapers. After the death of Queen Anne,when 
the Tory party seized power, Defoe became a supporter of Whig power. 
Daniel Defoe lived in a complex historical century. He traded in cloth goods until 
he became a writer, buying and selling wine, but the sira business did not run; he 
became a factory owner, businessman, spy, soldier, pamphleteer, prisoner, 
journalist, editor, literary “mercenary”. Think of the place, importance in the vital 
activity of the adib of each profession listed-a?! Eh-he! You say that Daniel Defoe 
was not interested, it turned out that there was no area left where he “did not poke 
his nose”. 
In the last years of his life, Defoe gave the impression that he had retired from fiction, 
spending his talents as a political journalist on the path of political mobilization 
As noted by defoshunos and critics, he was a “modern man”, a “citizen of the modern 
world”, a “legendary man”. We saw that Adib's life was very hard. Throughout his 
career, he has gone through extreme lifetimes. In return for these difficulties and 
suffering that the creator suffered, qismat paid him an excellent reward. This is the 
unquenchable fame of Robinson Crusoe before the peoples of the world. 
Unfortunately, this admiration and applause earned him posthumous honors. The 
life of the people of creativity is a kind of mysterious world with such fragments of 
peat.

---

22