Independent study
Studying without a teacher present. This can be done at home, in a library etc.
Inductive learning
An approach to learning in which students are not first taught the rules of grammar. They work out the rules for
themselves by using the language. See deductive learning.
Interference
When the learner’s mother tongue influences their performance in the target language. A learner may make a
mistake because they use the same grammatical pattern in the target language as they use in their mother tongue.
The L1 grammatical pattern is not appropriate in L2.
Interlanguage
Learners’ own version of the second language which they speak as they learn. Interlanguage is constantly changing
and developing as learners learn more of the second language.
Kinaesthetic learner: see learning style.
L1/L2
L1 is the learner’s mother tongue or first language; L2 is the learner’s second or other language.
Language awareness
Understanding the rules of how language works.
Learner autonomy
noun
, autonomous
adj
, learner independence
When a student does not need a teacher to learn, but can set their own aims and organise their own study they are
autonomous and independent. Many activities in coursebooks help students to be more independent by developing
learning strategies and learner training.
Learner characteristics
The typical things about a learner or learners that influence their learning, e.g. age, L1, past learning experience,
learning style.
Learner independence: see learner autonomy.
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