Monitoring System of Sustainable Development in Cultural and Mountain Tourism Destinations
Cultural routes and sustainability
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Cultural tourism
Cultural routes and sustainability
Concerning cultural tourism is a type of tourism involving other subsystems; the paper will follow one specific and current segment of cultural tourism, i.e. cultural route. From a histori- cal perspective, role of cultural routes was to memorialize various personalities and historically important cities in the worlds and richness of its past. UNESCO (1994) in Madrid defined importance of cultural routes on a conference “Routes as part of our cultural heritage”. Other authorities such as International Committee on Cultural Routes (1994), European commission (2014), Council of Europe (n.d.), European institute on cultural routes WTO (2004) explain it as a rising phenomenon and current tourism product. Martorell (2003) says that “cultural values are to be preserved, for life to have a human meaning.” Concerning his though and applying it on routes, cultural values are an inevitable part of cultural routes. Arising from this fact, cultural routes needs to be preserved. Today, the importance of cultural route is even stronger due to remembering of the history along with knowledge of up – to – dated local landscape and culture. Martorell (2003) states that cultural route is a mixture of “monuments, archaeological remains, historic towns, vernacular architecture, industrial and technological heritage, public works, cultural landscapes, transpor- tation means and other examples of the use of specific knowledge and technical skills”, so it may be perceived as multidimensional type of tourism in destinations. In Europe, there exist 29 European cultural routes established by the Council of Europe in early 1987. Specifically, routes such as The Santiago de Compostela Pilgrims routes, The legacy of Al – Andalus, The Vikings Route, The route of the olive tree and others become a popular phenomenon. As the popularity has been rising, the negative impacts of visiting these routes have been rising, too. Theoretically, we may speak about environmental damage, social impacts or economic benefits of the cultural routes network that can limit the knowledge of cultural diversity. Logically, in order to guarantee a long – term perspective of cultural routes, a need for identifying sustainability indicators has been developed (European commission, 2014). The share of cultural routes in European states is joc1-2015_v1.indd 42 31.3.2015 7:30:35 depicted in Fig.3. It perfectly portrays the importance of solving sustainability in Europe as the percentage of share in European states is relatively high. Fig. 3 – The share of cultural routes in Europe. Source: European commission (2014) Group 1 represents states namely Belgium, Czech Republic, Greece, Norway, Poland, Sweden and Switzerland. In Group 2 the states include Algeria, Austria, Croatia, Cyprus, Lebanon, Morocco, Netherlands, Slovenia and Tunisia. Group 3 includes Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Denmark, Estonia, Jordan, Lithuania, Malta, Romania, Rus- sian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Syria, Turkey and Ukraine. These three groups represent only a small percentage of share however they represent a great potential of cultural routes as a future tourism product. 4.2 Suggested indicators for the cultural destinations Based on common features of cultural routes with respect to cultural tourism in general, a set of sustainability indicators is designed for better sustainable measurement. Indicators are backed up by various studies on cultural indicators of sustainable development. The following table assigns indicators for cultural routes according to different existing methodologies. Given that cultural routes are statistically worse to capture, data can be gained from tourist infrastructure businesses (WTP, 2004; European Commission, 2013). 10,40% 9,70% 8,40% 5,80% 5,20% 2,60% 1,90% 0,60% 0,00% 2,00% 4,00% 6,00% 8,00% 10,00% 12,00% Download 0.72 Mb. Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
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