Mt 13. Translate the text “My capital”


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There are 317 local authorities covering the whole of England.[8] There are five main types of local authorities: London borough councils, two-tier county and district councils, metropolitan district councils and unitary authorities.[8] Some local authorities have borough, city or royal boroughstatus, but this is purely stylistic.[13]
All local authorities are made up of councillors, who represent geographical wards.[14] There are 7,026 wards as of December 2021.[15] Local authorities run on four year cycles and councillors may be elected all at once, by halves or by thirds;[8] although the Electoral Commission has recommended that all authorities use whole council elections every 4 years.[16] Local authorities have a choice of executive arrangements under the Local Government Act 2000: mayor and cabinet executive, leader and cabinet executive, a committee system or bespoke arrangements approved by the Secretary of State.[8] As of April 2023, just 15 local authorities have directly-elected mayors.[17] Some functions are just the responsibility of the executive of a local authority,[18] but local authorities must also have at least one overview and scrutiny committee to hold the executive to account.[19]
The London Government Act 1963 established 32 London borough councils.] It also established the Greater London Council, covering the whole of Greater London, but this was later abolished by the Local Government Act 1985. Greater London also includes the sui generis City of London Corporation. The other sui generis local authorities are the Council of the Isles of Scilly,[8]Middle Temple and Inner Temple.
Outside Greater London and the Isles of Scilly, the Local Government Act 1972 divided England into metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties, which would have one county council and multiple district councils each. That meant that each area would be covered by both a county council and a district council, which would share local authority functions; two tiers of local authorities.[8] In May 2022, 21 non-metropolitan county councils and 164 non-metropolitan district councils remain.These are better known as simply county councils and district councils. The Local Government Act 1985 also abolished metropolitan county councils, but there are still 36 metropolitan district councils as of May 2022.
There are also (as of April 2023) 62 unitary authorities. These carry out the functions of both county and district councils and have replaced two-tier local government in some areas. The creation of these first became possible under the Local Government Act 1992, but now takes place under the Local Government and Public Involvement in Health Act 2007.
In the 2023/24 financial year, 33% of budgeted service expenditure across local government as a whole is set to be on education, 19% on adult social care, 13% on police, 11% on children's social care and 24% on all other services.
Notably, Cornwall Council has been subject to a devolution deal, which are usually reserved to combined authorities for additional functions and funding. And, like some combined authorities and parish councils, local authorities do have a general power of competence.Separate to combined authorities, two or more local authorities can also work together through joint boards (for legally-required services: fire, public transport and waste disposal), joint committees (voluntarily) or through contracting out and agency arrangements.



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