AES algoritmida ko‘phadlarni qo‘shish (XOR) (berilgan ko‘phadlarga mos keluvchi ikkilik sanoq sistemasidagi sonlarni mos bitlarini mod 2 bo‘yicha qo‘shish) amali orqali bajariladi. Masalan
va ko‘phadlar natijasi quyidagicha hisoblanadi:
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)
Bu amal ikkilik va o‘n oltilik sanoq sistemalarida quyidagicha ifodalanadi:
va
Chekli maydonda istalgan nolga teng bo‘lmagan element uchun unga teskari bo‘lgan element mavjud va tenglik o‘rinli, bu erda nol elementi sifatida qaraladi. maydonda tenglik o‘rinli.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |